{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:45:17Z","timestamp":1785422717365,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea government","award":["RS-2024-00348338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00348338"]}]},{"name":"Korea government","award":["RS-2024-00411137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00411137"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy","award":["RS-2024-00449703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00449703"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008783","name":"National Research Council of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KK2631-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK2631-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["KK2631-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK2631-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/058rymf81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe, catastrophic childhood epilepsy predominantly caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SCN1A gene, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of 5-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one (GM-90663), a novel small molecule designed to address the complex pathophysiology of DS. Using scn1lab knockout (KO) zebrafish larvae\u2014a robust vertebrate model for DS\u2014we demonstrated that GM-90663 significantly alleviates seizure-like behavioral movements and rescues deficit in cognitive-like functions. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in hippocampal slices revealed that GM-90663 modulates voltage-gated Na+ channel kinetics; specifically, it suppresses slow ramp-induced currents, thereby effectively attenuating neuronal hyperexcitability. Furthermore, neurochemical profiling indicated that GM-90663 treatment leads to a marked increase in endogenous serotonin (5-HT) levels in both wild-type and KO larvae. Molecular docking simulations and subsequent in vitro enzymatic assays confirmed that this elevation in serotonin is mediated through the potent inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Collectively, our findings suggest that GM-90663 exerts its anti-seizure effects through a synergistic dual mechanism\u2014stabilizing sodium channel conductance and elevating serotonergic activity\u2014positioning it as a promising multi-target candidate for the treatment of DS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31091511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:54:07Z","timestamp":1777654447000},"page":"1511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["5-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one (GM-90663) Alleviates Dravet Syndrome via Inhibiting Monoamine Oxidase Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4606-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Seok","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea 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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6641-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae-Seop","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Yoon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong Hak","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il-Sung","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gahyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Gun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1203-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pyeongkeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yerim","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunjae","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6810-0206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hohjai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6957-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Hee","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"JD Bioscience Inc., 208 Cheomdan-dwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Republic of 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