{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T08:16:59Z","timestamp":1778141819392,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhu Yuexin National Senior Pharmaceutical Worker Inheritance Studio"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have demonstrated that C. camphora exhibits diverse bioactivities, but its roots, particularly their phenolic constituents, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we optimized the extraction and purification of total phenolics from C. camphora roots, isolated their chemical constituents, and evaluated their bioactivities. Response surface methodology yielded optimal conditions of 71% ethanol, 78 \u00b0C, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 24:1 (mL\/g), giving a total phenolic content of 3.60 mg\/g. Purification with HPD-600 resin followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.9987). From the enriched phenolic fraction, twelve phenolic compounds were isolated, seven of which are reported from C. camphora roots for the first time. The enriched fraction exhibited strong antioxidant activities (DPPH IC50 = 107.21 \u03bcg\/mL; \u2022OH IC50 = 130.7 \u03bcg\/mL; O2\u2212 IC50 = 141.70 \u03bcg\/mL) and significant pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.80 mg\/mL). This integrated approach expands the chemical diversity of C. camphora roots and highlights their potential as a natural source of antioxidants and lipid-lowering agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31091550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T08:01:39Z","timestamp":1778140899000},"page":"1550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenolic Compounds from Cinnamomum camphora Roots: Extraction Optimization, Purification, Isolation, and Bioactivity Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yijia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1515\/hf-2021-0210","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of bioactive phenolic compounds from Cinnamomum camphora barks","volume":"76","author":"Shu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"5685294","article-title":"Repellent and Feeding Deterrent Activities of Butanolides and Lignans Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora against Tribolium castaneum","volume":"2020","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, H., Wang, J., Song, L., Cao, X., Yao, X., Tang, F., and Yue, Y. (2016). GC\u00d7GC-TOFMS Analysis of Essential Oils Composition from Leaves, Twigs and Seeds of Cinnamomum camphora L. Presl and Their Insecticidal and Repellent Activities. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21040423"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113516","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory potential of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl essential oil in vitro and in vivo","volume":"267","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.5658\/WOOD.2022.50.6.414","article-title":"Evaluation of Anti Asthmatic Activity of Essential Oils from the Lauraceae Family in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Stimulated NCI H292 Cells","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Tang, C., Zhou, Y., Zhang, R., Wang, S., Chen, L., and Wang, Y. (2020). Anti-Inflammatory Property of the Essential Oil from Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Presl Leaves and the Evaluation of Its Underlying Mechanism by Using Metabolomics Analysis. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-76716\/v1"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"117","article-title":"Preventive effect of essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora leaves against mice allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"14","author":"Xing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Tradit. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Fu, J., Li, J., Wang, G., Qiu, Z., Wang, X., and Li, J. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamomum camphora Essential Oil on Escherichia coli During Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.561002"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"115389","article-title":"Antibacterial activity and mechanism of essential oil from Cinnamomum glanduliferum (Wall.) Nees leaves","volume":"187","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.104225","article-title":"Efficient separation of Cinnamomum camphora leaf essential oil and in vitro evaluation of its antifungal activity","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.017","article-title":"Investigation of constituents from Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"221","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Antifungal and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from Cinnamomum camphora leaves and its chemical profiling","volume":"131","author":"Sobhy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112652","article-title":"Metabolomics analysis to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Presl","volume":"253","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"5372","article-title":"GC-MS and in vitro antibacterial potential of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil against some clinical antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates","volume":"26","author":"Mujawah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"3592","article-title":"Chemical constituents from Cinnamomum camphora Radix and their anti-inflammatory activities","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"116268","article-title":"Efficient extraction of flavonoids from Cinnamomum camphora leaves by homogeneous-ultrasonic cavitation synergetic extraction and their antioxidant activity","volume":"193","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"3112","article-title":"Proanthocyanidins from Cinnamomum camphora leaves and branches: Tyrosinase inhibition kinetics and antioxidant activity","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phyu, M.P., Cheng, Y.C., Kang, Y., Lee, S., and Park, J. (2026). Extraction Processing Technologies and Their Effects on Antioxidant Activity in Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl Leaves. Antioxidants, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15020227"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"172","article-title":"Chemical constituents from branches of Cinnamomum camphora and their anti-inflammatory, larvicidal against Culex quinquefasciatus and cytotoxic activities","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"109896","article-title":"Acaricidal activity of essential oils from Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum camphora against Haemaphysalis longicornis and their effects on enzyme activities","volume":"319","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"114869","article-title":"Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of essential oil from Cinnamomum camphora leaves against Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)","volume":"182","author":"Fuga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.135206","article-title":"Green Tea and Kombucha Characterization: Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Enzymatic Inhibition Potential","volume":"408","author":"Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.085","article-title":"Biflavones from Ginkgo biloba as Novel Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors: Inhibition Potentials and Mechanism","volume":"118","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116405","article-title":"Purification of phenolics from Plantago depressa by macroporous resin: Adsorption\/desorption characteristics, chromatographic process development and UPLC-TQ-MS\/MS quantitative analysis","volume":"203","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"17","article-title":"Study on purification process of total flavonoids from Cinnamomum camphora leaves by macroporous resin and scavenging of hydroxyl radicals","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Shandong Chem. Ind."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcu Spinu, S., Dragoi Cudalbeanu, M., Major, N., Goreta Ban, S., Pal\u010di\u0107, I., Ortan, A., Rosu, P.M., and Babeanu, N.E. (2025). Box\u2013Behnken design optimization of green extraction from tomato aerial parts and axillary shoots for enhanced recovery of rutin and complementary bioactive compounds. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14091062"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"72","article-title":"Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of phenylethanoid glycosides from Callicarpa nudiflora on macroporous resins","volume":"40","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ion Exch. Adsorpt."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9354555","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9354555","article-title":"Current insights on bioactive molecules, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological activities of Cinnamomum camphora Linn","volume":"2022","author":"Fazmiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurhaluk, N., Buyun, L., Ko\u0142odziejska, R., Kami\u0144ski, P., and Tkaczenko, H. (2025). Effect of phenolic compounds and terpenes on the flavour and functionality of plant-based foods. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213319"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156118","article-title":"Lignan-rich extract from Cinnamomum camphora leaf attenuates metabolic syndrome by modulating glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in T2DM mice","volume":"135","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)02227-9","article-title":"Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids","volume":"20","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2021.103328","article-title":"Cinnamomum camphora leaves as a source of proanthocyanidins separated using microwave-assisted extraction method and evaluation of their antioxidant activity in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"178","article-title":"Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Complementary Colorimetric Methods","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/9\/1550\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T08:05:45Z","timestamp":1778141145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/9\/1550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31091550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31091550","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]}}}