{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:30:12Z","timestamp":1785407412566,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF BIA\u0141YSTOK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B.SUB.24.301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.24.301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["B.SUB.24.301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.24.301"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y4ya841","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","award":["B00L01UN130120220004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B00L01UN130120220004"]}]},{"award":["B00L01UN130120220004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B00L01UN130120220004"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ejfgc23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural honey is a widely consumed product in various cultures. Owing to the foraging behaviour of bees and the unique production process of honey, this matrix serves as a critical tool for environmental biomonitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the content of selected toxic elements, specifically cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg), in honeys from Poland and Algeria. Additionally, the existence of health risks associated with long-term consumption was assessed. The As, Cd, and Pb content was determined using ICP-MS after prior microwave digestion of the samples in a closed system. Hg content was determined directly using the AAS method with the amalgamation technique. A total of 41 honey samples from Algeria and Poland were analysed. The content of the tested toxic elements in most samples was low. The results obtained for Pb were compared to applicable standards; exceedances for Pb were observed in 7% of the samples. Despite this, the estimated exposure did not indicate a significant health risk to consumers. The above data indicate that honey is not only a valuable nutritional product but also represents an important bioindicator of environmental pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31101620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:33:37Z","timestamp":1778589217000},"page":"1620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toxic Elements in Honeys of Different Geographical Origin: From Poland Versus from Algeria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nessrine","family":"Kazi-Tani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Electrolytes and Polyelectrolytes Application (LAEPO), Abou Bekr Belka\u00efd University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-8107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Pu\u015bcion-Jakubik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9611-7606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hocine","family":"Allali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrochemistry and Structural Pharmacology Laboratory (LSPS), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Abou Bekr Belka\u00efd University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Aissaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas (GDRN), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Naama, P.O. Box 66, Naama 45000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5949-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Socha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u0103rbulescu, A., Barbe\u0219, L., and Dumitriu, C.\u0218. (2022). Impact of Soil Pollution on Melliferous Plants. Toxics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10050239"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vlad, I.A., Bartha, S., Goji, G., T\u0103ut, I., Rebrean, F.A., Burescu, L.I.N., P\u0103\u0219cu\u021b, C.G., Mo\u021biu, P.T., Tunduc, A., and Bunea, C.I. 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