{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:19:07Z","timestamp":1791260347004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/34\/E\/ST4\/00281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/34\/E\/ST4\/00281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2019\/34\/E\/ST4\/00281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/34\/E\/ST4\/00281"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ha2q922","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microfluidic systems are increasingly used in neuroprotection research, but their clearest value may be to show why candidate compounds fail before costly downstream models. This critical framework review examines CNS-relevant microfluidic studies through a within-program triage logic linking chemistry-aware prescreening, blood-brain barrier\/neurovascular unit (BBB\/NVU) filtering, and timed validation in neuronal ischemia\/reperfusion models, and treats non-CNS organ-on-a-chip and analytical microfluidic studies as engineering analogies only. The available evidence most strongly supports BBB\/NVU chips as exposure- and safety-aware filters and compartmentalized neuronal oxygen-glucose deprivation platforms as timing-sensitive validation tools; droplet microfluidics contributes mainly upstream through dense dose mapping, aggregation assays and counterscreens for assay interference. A compound-centered reading also suggests that apparent activity often fails for distinct reasons, including timing mismatch, poor solubility, surface adsorption, optical artifact, inadequate multicellular context, or loss of efficacy under transport-aware testing. Taken together, the literature supports a cautious, within-program triage logic in which microfluidics is used not as a universal disease model, but as an operational framework for exposing transport, barrier, timing and assay liabilities early in neuroprotective discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31101622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:33:37Z","timestamp":1778589217000},"page":"1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Microfluidic Framework for Neuroprotective Compound Triage Across Ischemia and Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7648-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Anchimowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1557-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slawomir","family":"Jakiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70161","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.70161","article-title":"Vascularised Brain Organoids: Engineering Strategies and Neurobiological Applications","volume":"59","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.11.021","article-title":"Vascularized Human Brain Organoids: Current Possibilities and Prospects","volume":"43","author":"Kistemaker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46554-8","article-title":"Neuropathogenesis-on-Chips for Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"15","author":"Amartumur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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