{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T19:02:37Z","timestamp":1788289357735,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005362","name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005362","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027ynra39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CNR-ISPA"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003508","name":"University of Valencia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043nxc105","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research"},{"name":"Unione Europea\u2014Next Generation EU","award":["D.M. 02\/03\/2023, N. 118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D.M. 02\/03\/2023, N. 118"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reusing waste materials is a sustainable practice to reduce the impact of human activities on the global ecosystem. In particular, agro-industrial waste can be explored as an innovative and green source of beneficial bioactive compounds. For this purpose, seventeen different varieties of wine grape pomace were collected from the Apulia region (Italy) to perform extractions and qualitative\u2013quantitative phenolic profile characterization. To ensure an environmentally friendly extraction process, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were used as privileged media. After an initial screening, Merlot (MEA) and Sangiovese (SGA) varieties were then selected for extraction with betaine\/lactic acid 1:4 (mol\/mol) +40% water (w\/w) and choline chloride\/ascorbic acid 2:1 (mol\/mol) +40% water (w\/w). They were further investigated by LC-QTOF-MS for a comprehensive metabolomic evaluation. Betaine-based extracts from both cultivars exhibited higher polyphenol contents than choline chloride-based ones: 175.0 and 161.8 mg\/kg compared to 59.6 and 40.4 mg\/kg. Qualitative antimicrobial assays confirmed the effectiveness of betaine\/lactic acid (MEA) and choline chloride\/ascorbic acid (SGA) extracts on B. allii and E. coli, respectively, as well as the NADES themselves, even though it is difficult to discriminate the individual effects. Finally, the evaluation of both antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content led to good results for betaine\/lactic acid (2.8 and 3.2 mg TEAC\/g DW and 0.92 and 0.93 mg GAE\/g DW for SGA and MEA, respectively), while the content of ascorbic acid, used as a component of NADES, substantially influenced the relevant obtained results in choline chloride\/ascorbic acid samples. These findings support the potential of combining NADES with polyphenols recovered from grape pomace as a promising approach for further optimization and application-oriented investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31101665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:50:12Z","timestamp":1778835012000},"page":"1665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Edible Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs)-Based Polyphenolic Extracts: An Eco-Sustainable Alternative for Grape Pomace Valorization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2910-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Roselli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus E. Quagliariello, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy"},{"name":"Department Food Science and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estell\u00e9s 22, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), Research National Council (CNR), Via Amendola, 122\/O, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5229-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalba","family":"Leuci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus E. Quagliariello, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9744-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Paparella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus E. Quagliariello, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7674-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Food Science and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estell\u00e9s 22, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4741-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Cimbalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Food Science and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estell\u00e9s 22, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5777-6107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Manyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Food Science and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estell\u00e9s 22, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6186-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Tarricone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis (CREA-VE), Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Tufarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8870-8198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Gambacorta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), Research National Council (CNR), Via Amendola, 122\/O, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Meca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Food Science and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estell\u00e9s 22, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7980-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Piemontese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus E. Quagliariello, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, September 25). THE 17 GOALS|Sustainable Development. Available online: https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113488","article-title":"Applications of IoT for Achieving Sustainability in Agricultural Sector: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"298","author":"Maroli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"FAO (2022). 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