{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:34:14Z","timestamp":1789155254855,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.01.01.01-00-1265\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.01.01.01-00-1265\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["POIR.01.01.01-00-1265\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.01.01.01-00-1265\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pwfyy15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant extracts and microbiological supernatants were subjected to qualitative and compositional analyses to characterize their bioactive profiles and assess their potential agricultural applications. The garlic (Allium sativum) extract was rich in allicin and selected free amino acids, contained betulin as the dominant triterpene, and displayed a favorable elemental profile with high levels of potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium, with no detectable heavy metals. Detectable amounts of B-group vitamins and vitamin E isoforms were also identified. Qualitative phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of saponins and flavonoids in the garlic extract. The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract exhibited a significantly higher total phenolic content compared to the garlic extract, with qualitative analysis confirming the presence of saponins, tannins, and flavonoids, suggesting a broader spectrum of bioactive compounds. The two bacterial supernatants were characterized by HPLC analysis and differed in their metabolic profiles: the Enterobacter sp. fermentation broth contained glycerol, 2,3-butanediol, and acetic acid, while the Paenibacillus sp. supernatant additionally contained lactic acid, ethanol, and succinic acid, reflecting distinct fermentation pathways. The in vitro and greenhouse studies aimed to evaluate biological preparations for controlling wheat diseases caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus as well as diseases affecting the stem base. Plant extracts (garlic\u2014Allium sativum, Jerusalem artichoke\u2014Helianthus tuberosus) and supernatants (fermentation broths) obtained with the Paenibacillus and Enterobacter bacteria were tested at three concentrations. In laboratory experiments, the degree of inhibition of the growth of the mycelium of the tested fungal species was determined, while in greenhouse studies, the effectiveness in limiting the development of stem base diseases and the impact of the applied biopreparations on plant growth were evaluated. Among the plant extracts, H. tuberosus demonstrated superior antifungal activity, achieving up to 100% inhibition of R. cerealis mycelial growth at 10% concentration and reducing disease severity by 34.3% compared to the untreated control under greenhouse conditions. Paenibacillus sp. supernatant demonstrated strong in vitro antifungal activity. The results indicate that H. tuberosus extract represents a promising candidate for further field evaluation as a component of sustainable wheat protection programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31101761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:12:54Z","timestamp":1779286374000},"page":"1761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biocontrol of Fusarium and Other Fungal Diseases of Cereals Using Bacterial Compounds and Plant Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Horoszkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology, Institute of Plant Protection\u2014National Research Institute, W\u0142adys\u0142awa W\u0119gorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Jajor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology, Institute of Plant Protection\u2014National Research Institute, W\u0142adys\u0142awa W\u0119gorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Korbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology, Institute of Plant Protection\u2014National Research Institute, W\u0142adys\u0142awa W\u0119gorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0252-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Danielewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology, Institute of Plant Protection\u2014National Research Institute, W\u0142adys\u0142awa W\u0119gorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0102-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Bocianowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"Mikos-Szyma\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupa Azoty Zak\u0142ady Azotowe \u201cPu\u0142awy\u201d S.A., Al. Tysi\u0105clecia Pa\u0144stwa Polskiego 13, 24-110 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szymczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupa Azoty Zak\u0142ady Azotowe \u201cPu\u0142awy\u201d S.A., Al. Tysi\u0105clecia Pa\u0144stwa Polskiego 13, 24-110 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagoda","family":"Kucharska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupa Azoty Zak\u0142ady Azotowe \u201cPu\u0142awy\u201d S.A., Al. Tysi\u0105clecia Pa\u0144stwa Polskiego 13, 24-110 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Kobia\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupa Azoty Zak\u0142ady Azotowe \u201cPu\u0142awy\u201d S.A., Al. Tysi\u0105clecia Pa\u0144stwa Polskiego 13, 24-110 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9526-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Podle\u015bny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupa Azoty Zak\u0142ady Azotowe \u201cPu\u0142awy\u201d S.A., Al. Tysi\u0105clecia Pa\u0144stwa Polskiego 13, 24-110 Pulawy, Poland"},{"name":"Fermentation Technology Department, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2009.11.024","article-title":"Plant growth-promoting bacteria in the rhizo-and endosphere of plants: Their role, colonization, mechanisms involved and prospects for utilization","volume":"42","author":"Compant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Biol. 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