{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:22:58Z","timestamp":1785435778673,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Science, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","award":["RA\/TA-2562-M-040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA\/TA-2562-M-040"]}]},{"award":["RA\/TA-2562-M-040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA\/TA-2562-M-040"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/055mf0v62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents, for the first time, a novel cross injection analysis (CIA) system for the simultaneous multi-determination of key biomarkers associated with diabetic nephropathy\u2014namely, albumin, creatinine, and glucose\u2014within a single analytical run. Unlike conventional flow-based techniques that rely on sequential measurements, the proposed CIA platform integrates multiple analytical pathways into a unified design, enabling one-shot multi-analyte analysis without the need for complex separation units or injection valves. The system employs peristaltic pumps and a rectangular platform with orthogonal flow channels, allowing concurrent aspiration and efficient transport of reaction products to compact detectors. Albumin determination was based on ion-association with tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester. Creatinine was measured using the Jaff\u00e9 reaction. Glucose was colorimetrically detected via its reaction with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. The developed CIA provides enhanced sensitivity through its pre-mixing effect, enabling reliable quantification of trace analytes. Excellent analytical performance was achieved, including wide linear ranges (r2 &gt; 0.99), good precision (RSD &lt; 7%), and rapid analysis (5 min). The method was validated against established reference methods, showing no significant differences, and successfully applied to urine with satisfactory recoveries (84.8\u2013107.3%). Importantly, the proposed system adheres to green chemistry by minimizing reagent consumption and waste generation, offering a sustainable approach for multi-parameter clinical analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31101772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:06:07Z","timestamp":1779365167000},"page":"1772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Cross Injection Analysis for Simultaneous Multi-Determination of Diabetic Nephropathy Biomarkers in Urine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Prawpan","family":"Inpota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow-Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathawut","family":"Choengchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow-Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198402093100605","article-title":"Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes","volume":"310","author":"Mogensen","year":"1984","journal-title":"N. 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