{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:03:20Z","timestamp":1780463000956,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The performance of a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor (SBBGR), followed by a dual media granular activated carbon (GAC) column, was evaluated in terms of its ability to remove selected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from landfill leachate. The results show that the SBBGR achieved an overall reduction of 51%, with the preferential removal of long-chain PFAS, while short-chain PFAS were only partially removed. Subsequent GAC treatment exhibited compound-specific breakthrough behavior, which was governed by chain length. Short-chain PFAS (e.g., perfluorobutanoic acid) exhibited rapid bed volumes at 50% breakthrough (BV50 \u2248 88), whereas long-chain PFAS (e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) were substantially more retained (BV50 \u2248 446 and 361, respectively), with perfluorohexanesulfonic acid and perfluorodecanoic acid failing to reach BV50 within the monitored period. Mass balance analysis showed that the hybrid GAC column captured ~73% of the influent PFAS mass. This resulted in &gt;80\u201395% retention of long-chain PFAS and &lt;40% retention of short-chain PFAS. Although long-chain PFAS were preferentially adsorbed, mobile short-chain species dominated residual effluent loads. These findings highlight the need for optimized contact times or dual-media strategies to control the breakthrough of short-chain PFAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31111788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T16:06:08Z","timestamp":1779465968000},"page":"1788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance of a Sequencing Biofilter Coupled with a Dual-Media Granular Activated Carbon Filter for PFAS Mitigation in Landfill Leachate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-3386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flor Ximena","family":"Cadena-Aponte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s\/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0761-7043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofiane","family":"El Barkaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Research Institute, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Plaza-Bola\u00f1os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s\/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2649-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ag\u00fcera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s\/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Annelio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, and Construction Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n.4, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6681-9583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"De Ceglie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Research Institute, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5937-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhoshmita","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Research Institute, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bagnuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Research Institute, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7858-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mascolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Research Institute, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Di Iaconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Research Institute, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"OECD (2018). Toward a New Comprehensive Global Database of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): Summary Report on Updating the OECD 2007 List of PFASs, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. 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