{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:18:02Z","timestamp":1785421082637,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303939\/2025-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303939\/2025-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["303939\/2025-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303939\/2025-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C and an important source of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and bioactive polysaccharides. Although the fruit can be consumed fresh, it is more commonly processed into juices and frozen pulp, generating substantial amounts of by-products (pomace, peels, and seeds), corresponding to approximately 20\u201360% of the fruit biomass, with high phytochemical content. These fractions represent underutilized sources of bioactive compounds. This narrative review, supported by a structured literature search, integrates evidence on the phytochemical composition of acerola pulp and its by-products and relates these profiles to biological effects in experimental and human studies, focusing on compound characterization, composition\u2013function relationships, and underlying mechanisms. Key compounds, including ascorbic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, are associated with the modulation of redox homeostasis, inflammatory signaling, and lipid metabolism, particularly under high-fat dietary conditions. Human evidence remains limited but suggests matrix-dependent effects on vitamin C bioavailability and selected cardiometabolic markers. Overall, the evidence is constrained by methodological heterogeneity, limited clinical data, and insufficient characterization of bioactive fractions. Future research should prioritize detailed phytochemical profiling, dose\u2013response relationships, bioavailability assessment, and well-controlled clinical trials incorporating molecular biomarkers, supporting the development of acerola-derived matrices as functional and bioactive-rich ingredients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31111792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1779669033000},"page":"1792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acerola and Its By-Products as Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Effects in Experimental and Clinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7221-9867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jailane de Souza","family":"Aquino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Experimental Nutrition Laboratory\u2014LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4776-0109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alana Natal\u00edcia Vasconcelos de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Experimental Nutrition Laboratory\u2014LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Januse M\u00edllia Dantas de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Experimental Nutrition Laboratory\u2014LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Clementino","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Experimental Nutrition Laboratory\u2014LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordania Candice Costa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Experimental Nutrition Laboratory\u2014LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Para\u00edba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5766-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila Sabino","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretariat for Health and Environmental Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Bras\u00edlia 70719-040, Federal District, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5875-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnav\u00e4gen 9, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vega-Baudrit, J.R., Camacho, M., Batista-Menezes, D., Corrales Ure\u00f1a, Y., Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, J.M., Chac\u00f3n, A.M., Lecot, N., Henr\u00edquez, L.C., and Lopretti, M. 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