{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:31:46Z","timestamp":1785407506539,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Innovation Medical Device Application Demonstration Project 2023","award":["23SHS05200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23SHS05200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010108","name":"Scientific Research Development Fund of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025XKPT58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025XKPT58"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010108","name":"Scientific Research Development Fund of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025XKPT58-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025XKPT58-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025XKPT58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025XKPT58"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025XKPT58-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025XKPT58-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid cancer (TC) is an endocrine malignant tumor with the fastest-growing incidence worldwide. It has complex pathological types and significant heterogeneity, with great differences in clinical prognosis among different subtypes. Among them, aggressive subtypes, such as radioiodine-refractory (RAI-R) TC and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), have become a major challenge in current clinical diagnosis and treatment, due to limited treatment options and high risks of recurrence and metastasis. Tumor metabolic reprogramming is one of the characteristics of cancer, among which the Warburg effect plays a driving role. As a rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), with its unique functional plasticity, has become a linchpin of glycolytic metabolism and malignant phenotypes of tumor cells. This article will systematically review the functional regulatory mechanisms of PKM2, its specific role in TC, and explore the targeted therapeutic strategies and research prospects of TC with PKM2, providing a new theoretical basis and potential plans for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31111811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T11:57:44Z","timestamp":1779710264000},"page":"1811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PKM2-Mediated Glycolytic Reprogramming in Thyroid Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4434-6615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shenshen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9136-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4657-3109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilong","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26348","article-title":"Thyroid Cancer: A Review","volume":"331","author":"Boucai","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001869","article-title":"Analysis of Delayed Initial Radioactive Iodine Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Two-Center Retrospective Study","volume":"45","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucl. 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