{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:02:16Z","timestamp":1787320936348,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NPOO project","award":["AI-IBD (IP-UNIST-32)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI-IBD (IP-UNIST-32)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-phenolic extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a chemically dynamic bioactive matrix in which cultivar, ripening stage, processing, storage, and digestion shape the final profile of phenolic alcohols and secoiridoids. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with barrier dysfunction, dysbiosis, systemic immune activation, endothelial injury, platelet hyperreactivity, and increased cardiovascular risk. This narrative review evaluates whether EVOO phenolics may intersect the gut\u2013endothelium\u2013platelet axis linking IBD to vascular and thromboinflammatory complications. The review focuses on hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein- and ligstroside-derived secoiridoids, oleocanthal, and oleacein, with emphasis on their biosynthetic origin, processing-driven transformations, bioavailability, metabolism, and biological targets. Current evidence supports plausible effects on epithelial barrier integrity, TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signalling, Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defence, oxidised LDL formation, endothelial activation, and platelet-related pathways. Nevertheless, direct clinical evidence in IBD patients remains limited, and most cardiovascular-relevant findings are extrapolated from non-IBD human trials, animal studies, or in vitro models. Chemically characterised, biomarker-anchored intervention trials are needed before high-phenolic EVOO can be considered a validated strategy for modifying cardiovascular risk in IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31111827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T08:16:08Z","timestamp":1779783368000},"page":"1827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Phenolics in IBD-Associated Vascular Risk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3112-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roko","family":"\u0160anti\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9696-3359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Kumri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovre","family":"Martinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5433-5063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marino","family":"Vilovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Jeron\u010di\u0107 Tomi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Cvitkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-0635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u0161ko","family":"Bo\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jjaf078","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf078","article-title":"Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Current Therapies, and Cardiovascular Events: A Review and Meta-Analysis of Data from 2.2 Million Individuals","volume":"19","author":"Thomas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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