{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:55:25Z","timestamp":1790639725036,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Caffeine and chlorogenic acid are among the most extensively investigated bioactive compounds in coffee, tea, and other plant-derived products due to their noteworthy physical, nutritional, and industrial relevance. Caffeine is primarily acknowledged for its central nervous system stimulant activity, whereas chlorogenic acid, a phenolic ester, contributes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic health benefits. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines in order to systematically compile and summarize the extraction and analytical conditions reported for caffeine and CGAs in different matrices and to provide a structured comparison among the reported studies. All studies focusing on the extraction and\/or quantification of caffeine and chlorogenic acids in several matrices were considered eligible. Three independent electronic searches were performed using PubMed, Science.gov, and BASE to identify relevant articles. Extraction of data was conducted independently by four authors based on consistent selection and extraction criteria. One hundred and twenty-five studies were identified. The results were summarized in tables including several parameters. Conventional extraction techniques, including aqueous and organic solvent-based methods, have formed the foundation for separating caffeine and chlorogenic acids. However, rising interest in green and sustainable technologies has shifted attention towards advanced approaches such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. These methods not only enhance extraction yields and reduce processing times but also align with environmental and safety concerns in the modern food and pharmaceutical industries. For quantification, high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet or mass spectrometric detection remains the benchmark, offering precision and reproducibility in different matrices. This review sheds light on recent advances and ongoing research in the extraction and quantification of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in different types of matrices. Continued innovation in green extraction technologies and robust quantification methods is essential for supporting scientific research applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31111890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:19:42Z","timestamp":1780316382000},"page":"1890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From Conventional Methods to Innovation: Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid Extraction and Quantification in the Rise of Smart and Green Techniques\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8239-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shady H.","family":"Awwad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University (ASU), Amman 11937, Jordan"},{"name":"Vitamin D+ Allostatic Load: DAL+ Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University (ASU), Amman 11937, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8181-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara M.","family":"Nasereddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University (ASU), Amman 11937, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Al-Tamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5204-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Q.","family":"Daraosheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Elrashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 23435, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9538-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Abu Al-Shayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University (ASU), Amman 11937, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7382-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mais","family":"Shannag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University (ASU), Amman 11937, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7568-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beisan A.","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitamin D+ Allostatic Load: DAL+ Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University (ASU), Amman 11937, Jordan"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Department-PharmD Program, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia, Fakeeh Care Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud S.","family":"Abu-Samak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitamin D+ Allostatic Load: DAL+ Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University (ASU), Amman 11937, Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University (ASU), Amman 11937, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.09.001","article-title":"A review of caffeine\u2019s effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance","volume":"71","author":"McLellan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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