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Current strategies for modulating LLPS often require the introduction of exogenous molecules or specific genetic modifications. Here, coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations suggest that terahertz (THz) oscillatory fields may influence the condensation of pathogenic G4C2 RNA repeats under the simulated conditions. Oscillatory fields at 10 THz and 37.3 THz are shown to effectively counteract salt-induced condensate dissolution. At the molecular level, THz oscillatory fields are associated with reduced phosphate\u2013sodium contacts at low ionic strengths and with faster water diffusion in the hydration layer at higher salt levels. These changes correlate with an increase in stable intermolecular contacts and a more compact RNA state, suggesting a field-driven shift in the balance of interactions. These findings provide a conceptual and mechanistic basis for understanding how oscillatory fields may influence biomolecular condensation, establishing a microscopic framework for using external variable fields to manipulate biomolecular assemblies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31111903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:07:52Z","timestamp":1780326472000},"page":"1903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhanced Condensation of RNA Repeats Induced by Terahertz Oscillatory Fields"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9785-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie et Mod\u00e9lisation de la Cellule, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 46 All\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, 69364 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre Blaise Pascal de Simulation et de Mod\u00e9lisation Num\u00e9rique, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Terahertz Radiation and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7340-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Val\u00e9rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie et Mod\u00e9lisation de la Cellule, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 46 All\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, 69364 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre Blaise Pascal de Simulation et de Mod\u00e9lisation Num\u00e9rique, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2897-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaomeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"},{"name":"Terahertz Radiation and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0660-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo C. 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