{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:14:56Z","timestamp":1785428096452,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22472055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22472055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22578116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22578116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["22472055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22472055"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["22578116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22578116"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education","award":["CHCL23002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHCL23002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to address corrosion and pollution problems of liquid acids and limitations of traditional solid acids, sulfated MOF-808-SO4 catalysts were developed by creating unsaturated sites in MOF-808 for sulfate grafting with ligand defect engineering. Characterization verified framework integrity, successful sulfate coordination, and maintenance of high surface areas and tunable porosity. Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) establishes a clear consistent trend between defect density and the concentration as well as the strength of acid sites, indicating that a higher degree of ligand deficiency promotes the formation of more abundant and stronger acid centers. For esterification of acetic acid with n-butanol, the catalyst prepared by replacing 40 mol% of BTC with BDC achieved \u226599% conversion of acetic acid under mild conditions of 2.0 wt% catalyst loading and 1:2 alcohol\/acid molar ratio at 120 \u00b0C for 6 h, outperforming conventional solid acids. This performance stems from high-density strong Br\u00f8nsted acid sites strongly coordinated at defects and an open pore structure facilitating diffusion. The catalyst was easily recovered by ethanol washing and maintained stable activity over five cycles without loss of catalytic capability. This work suggests defect engineering as an effective strategy for tuning acidity and catalytic performance in MOF-based solid acids for green esterification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31111908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:14:57Z","timestamp":1780395297000},"page":"1908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Defect-Engineered MOF-808-SO4 as Efficient Solid Acid Catalysts for Esterification of n-Butyl Acetate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2037-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29922","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16103-4","article-title":"Intensified process based on reactive distillation for Triacetin production via glycerol esterification with acetic acid","volume":"15","author":"Petchsoongsakul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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