{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:57:55Z","timestamp":1781153875106,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide (TH-P) exhibited anti-inflammatory and intestinal protective activities, but its mechanism against ulcerative colitis (UC) remained unclear. This study used a multi-omics approach to elucidate the effects of TH-P in protecting against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice and the underlying mechanisms. In vitro, TH-P dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, TH-P alleviated DSS-induced weight loss, disease activity index, colon shortening, edema, and mucosal damage. Transcriptomic analysis and Western blotting revealed that TH-P significantly reversed DSS-induced gene expression alterations, with particular enrichment of the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway. Serum metabolomics showed that TH-P restored metabolic disturbances in glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid metabolism. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that TH-P increased microbial diversity, enriched beneficial Bacteroidota, and reduced opportunistic Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota. Untargeted metabolomics further demonstrated elevated acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels. Collectively, TH-P alleviated UC through a multi-target mechanism involving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, gut microbiota modulation, enhanced SCFA production, and activation of the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31111974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:10:42Z","timestamp":1780668642000},"page":"1974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanism Through Which Antioxidant Polysaccharide from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Protects Against DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: Insights from Multi-Omics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Administration of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Anti-inflammatory Chinese Medicine Efficacy and Quality Control, Nanchang 330052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhitong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, China"},{"name":"Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.028","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of ulcerative colitis","volume":"13","author":"Conrad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. 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