{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T02:59:43Z","timestamp":1780887583244,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Organic fruit production is associated with a specific form of farm management: no artificial pesticides or mineral fertilizers are allowed. Only natural methods of fertilization and plant protection, including preventive practices, are used. The Organic Production Regulation describes all organic farming practices. Fruits from organic production are often perceived by consumers as safe and potentially beneficial to health. Pears contain many bioactive compounds from the polyphenol and carotenoid groups. In the present study, three pear cultivars, namely \u2018Alexander Lucas\u2019, \u2018Conference\u2019, and \u2018Xenia\u2019, grown under organic and conventional systems, were examined during the 2019\u20132020 cultivation season. The contents of polyphenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and vitamin C in pear fruits were measured using total and HPLC methods. Compared with conventional pears, organic pears were characterized by significantly higher vitamin C (8.99 mg\/100 g fresh weight), total polyphenol (108.20 mg\/100 g F.W.), total flavonoid (63.92 mg\/100 g F.W.), total carotenoid (14.58 mg\/100 g F.W.), and total chlorophyll (4.29 mg\/100 g F.W.) contents. Among the three examined cultivars, \u2018Xenia\u2019 exhibited the highest concentrations of several analysed phytochemicals. The growing season significantly affected the phytochemical composition and quality attributes of pear fruits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31121989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T02:32:46Z","timestamp":1780885966000},"page":"1989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Composition and Quality Attributes of Pear Cultivars Grown Under Organic and Conventional Orchard Management: A Three-Year Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4855-7057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Hallmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Department of Functional and Organic Food, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Bioeconomy Research Institute, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaicio 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018). 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