{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:41:24Z","timestamp":1785436884558,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52304026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52304026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["52304026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52304026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LH2024E007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2024E007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aiming at the characteristics of high viscosity and poor fluidity of high waxy ordinary heavy oil, a Janus silica-based nanosheet composite viscosity reducer was designed and prepared in this paper. The viscosity reducer was assembled by asymmetric Gemini viscosity reducer and silica nanosheets through dehydration condensation reaction, and its structure was verified by FT-IR, 1HNMR, XPS and DLS. The viscosity reduction performance, emulsion stability, interfacial tension and flow performance of the viscosity reducer were systematically evaluated by taking heavy oil with wax content of 35.7% and viscosity of 237 mPa\u00b7s at 30 \u00b0C as the research object. The results showed that, at an oil-to-viscosity-reducer-solution volume ratio of 3:7 and a viscosity reducer mass fraction of 0.3%, the maximum viscosity reduction rate reached 94.5% at 30 \u00b0C, calculated relative to the viscosity of the dehydrated original heavy oil. The oil\u2013water interfacial tension was significantly reduced, and the 24 h bleeding ratio, defined as the volume percentage of separated water relative to the initial aqueous phase volume, was only 7.3%, indicating good emulsion stability. The core flow experiment shows that the resistance coefficient is reduced to the lowest at 0.3% concentration, and the seepage capacity is significantly improved. The analysis of total hydrocarbon gas chromatography showed that the content of high-carbon wax components in the C23-C30 range decreased by 4.79 percentage points after treatment, indicating that the viscosity reducer preferentially interacted with high-carbon wax molecules and promoted wax-crystal dispersion, thereby weakening the three-dimensional wax-crystal network. The viscosity reducer has the synergistic effect of dispersing wax crystals, reducing interfacial tension and stabilizing emulsification, which provides a low-cost and high-performance technical approach for the efficient exploitation of high waxy ordinary heavy oil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31122061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T09:49:51Z","timestamp":1781257791000},"page":"2061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Design and Performance Evaluation of a Janus Silica-Based Nanosheet Composite Viscosity Reducer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0280-1293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingchun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for EOR Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1030-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for EOR Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4358-622X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for EOR Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0991-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for EOR Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3023-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaoxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for EOR Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7402-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for EOR Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengshan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for EOR Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daqing Yongzhu Petroleum Technology Development Co., Ltd., Daqing 163000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-020-0775-3","article-title":"Carbon Intensity of Global Crude Oil Refining and Mitigation Potential","volume":"10","author":"Jing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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