{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:35:44Z","timestamp":1785404144849,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Science Council at the Medical University of Sofia","award":["\u0414-146\/01.06.2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0414-146\/01.06.2026"]}]},{"award":["\u0414-146\/01.06.2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0414-146\/01.06.2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01n9zy652","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dissolving microneedles (DMN) could be considered as a minimally invasive alternative for transdermal delivery of naltrexone hydrochloride (NTX). In the present study, DMN patches with smart design were developed via a two-step micromoulding technique. The systems were composed of drug-free polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend microneedle tips, combined with a drug-loaded backing layer based on PVP and Poloxamer 407. The influence of polymer concentration in DMN tips and backing-layer composition on morphology, mechanical properties, drug release and permeation was evaluated. Mechanical studies revealed that intermediate polymer concentration (formulation MN-20%\/2:1) provided superior structural integrity (13.57 \u00b1 1.43% height reduction after compression) and efficient penetration up to the fourth Parafilm\u00ae layer. Incorporation of NTX into the backing layer allowed for high drug loading, while a 2:1 PVP:P407 ratio provided higher toughness (1806 g\/mm) as well as thermoresponsive and controlled drug release. In vitro permeation studies demonstrated significantly enhanced NTX delivery from DMN systems compared to simple matrix patches\u2014an almost 4-fold increase in flux with 56% permeation of NTX up to 8 h. These findings highlight the importance of polymer composition in DMN design and demonstrate the potential of the developed systems as an effective platform for transdermal delivery of NTX.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31122083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T03:01:27Z","timestamp":1781492487000},"page":"2083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dissolving Microneedles with Smart Design\u2014A Tool for Enhancing Skin Permeation of Naltrexone Hydrochloride"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6690-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teodora","family":"Popova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8026-3700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivaylo","family":"Ganchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Medical Cosmetics, Burgas State University, 8000 Burgas, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6536-4898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Voycheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Singh, D., and Saadabadi, A. 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