{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:54:57Z","timestamp":1781538897128,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin) are attractive bioactives yet constrained by low water solubility and chemical instability. Herein, we introduce a Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Solvent (SupraDES) as a \u201cJanus\u201d green platform, combining extraction and stabilization with a subsequent solvent-to-material strategy. Eight NaDES\/SupraDES formulations based on choline chloride (ChCl) or betaine with glycerol (Gly) or citric acid (CitA), with\/without \u03b2-cyclodextrin (\u03b2CD), were assessed. The extinction coefficients of the most promising solvents were extrapolated at 425 nm for the UV\u2013vis quantification of curcuminoids, to determine extraction performance. The SupraDES ChCl:Gly:\u03b2CD gave the best performance during the first solvent screening, improving at the same time the bioactive stability (after 30-day, 47.5% loss vs. 62.8% of ChCl:Gly alone). Subsequent microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) optimization identified 80 \u00b0C as the optimal process temperature, with near-equilibrium reached within 15 min (3139.4 \u00b5gCurc\/gEXT). Peleg modelling (R2 = 0.997) indicated a fast extraction rate and limited benefit from longer residence times. Finally, the curcuminoid-loaded SupraDES was incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) networks crosslinked with CitA and 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF); thermal analysis confirmed the formation of a stable crosslinked structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a \u03b2CD-based SupraDES acting as a Janus platform that couples supramolecular extraction of lipophilic bioactives with their direct incorporation into bio-based polymeric materials, exemplifying an integrated green chemistry approach aligned with circular bioeconomy principles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31122104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:00:48Z","timestamp":1781535648000},"page":"2104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Janus Green Platform: Integrating Curcuminoid Extraction and Biopolymer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1860-6356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clelia","family":"Aimone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7858-6628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Capaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Calcio Gaudino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4234-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Anceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Corso G. Pella 16, 13900 Biella, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6105-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Patrucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Corso G. Pella 16, 13900 Biella, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5156-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Rado\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cell Cultures, Applications and Biotransformations, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottojeva Ulica 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-4185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7574-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Cravotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.02.015","article-title":"Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa and their inhibitory activities on influenza a neuraminidases","volume":"134","author":"Dao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5308","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201107724","article-title":"Curcumin\u2014From molecule to biological function","volume":"51","author":"Esatbeyoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sampre.2025.100159","article-title":"Curcuminoids: A multi-faceted review of green extraction methods and solubilization approaches to maximize their food and pharmaceutical applications","volume":"13","author":"Beshah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sample Prep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2021.105084","article-title":"Shedding light on curcumin stability","volume":"156","author":"Appendino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b04815","article-title":"Physical and Chemical Stability of Curcumin in Aqueous Solutions and Emulsions: Impact of pH, Temperature, and Molecular Environment","volume":"65","author":"Kharat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binello, A., Grillo, G., Barge, A., Allegrini, P., Ciceri, D., and Cravotto, G. (2020). A Cross-Flow Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L.: Process Design to Avoid Degradation. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9060743"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.10.001","article-title":"Selected commercial plants: A review of extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds and their pharmacological market value","volume":"82","author":"Patra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7354","DOI":"10.1039\/D5GC07041D","article-title":"Sustainability impact for extraction (SIX Score): From concepts and principles to impact-based metric for green extraction assessment","volume":"28","author":"Capaldi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.7b00945","article-title":"Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: Properties, Applications, and Perspectives","volume":"81","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/s10953-018-0793-1","article-title":"Insights into the Nature of Eutectic and Deep Eutectic Mixtures","volume":"48","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Solut. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grillo, G., Tabasso, S., Capaldi, G., Radosevic, K., Radoj\u010di\u0107-Redovnikovi\u0107, I., Gunjevi\u0107, V., Calcio Gaudino, E., and Cravotto, G. (2023). Food-Waste Valorisation: Synergistic Effects of Enabling Technologies and Eutectic Solvents on the Recovery of Bioactives from Violet Potato Peels. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12112214"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2021.102697","article-title":"Extraction of bioactive compounds from Curcuma longa L. using deep eutectic solvents: In vitro and in vivo biological activities","volume":"70","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8360","DOI":"10.1039\/D4GC06386D","article-title":"Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES): Green solvents for pharmaceutical applications and beyond","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2020.1735414","article-title":"Deep eutectic solvents for pharmaceutical formulation and drug delivery applications","volume":"25","author":"Emami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.105989","article-title":"Green extraction of value-added compounds form microalgae: A short review on natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) and related pre-treatments","volume":"9","author":"Mehariya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.1039\/D2GC00906D","article-title":"Supramolecular deep eutectic solvents and their applications","volume":"24","author":"Janicka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123553","article-title":"Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular deep eutectic solvent (CycloDES): A vehicle for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs","volume":"647","author":"Balenzano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-024-01795-3","article-title":"Supramolecular deep eutectic solvents in extraction processes: A review","volume":"23","author":"Fourmentin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lionello, M.E., dos Santos Ferreira, C.I., and Mazzobre, M.F. (2024). Cyclodextrin-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: Physicochemical Characterization and Application for Green Extraction of Polyphenols from Moringa oleifera Leaves. Biol. Life Sci. Forum, 40.","DOI":"10.3390\/blsf2024040053"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70026","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70026","article-title":"Supramolecular deep eutectic solvents: Current advances and critical evaluation of cyclodextrins from solute to solvent in emerging functional food","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2025.2452411","article-title":"Unlocking sustainable extraction of natural antioxidants: Green solvents, smart technologies, scalability and future directions","volume":"60","author":"Bouizgma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hurtado-Fern\u00e1ndez, E., Trujillo-Cayado, L.A., \u00c1lvarez-Mateos, P., and Santos, J. (2026). Extraction, Characterization and Applications of Biopolymers from Sustainable Sources. Polymers, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18050581"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.082","article-title":"Multifunctional hydrogels based on oxidized pectin and gelatin for wound healing improvement","volume":"212","author":"Chetouani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00397-014-0809-8","article-title":"Rheological investigation of pectin-based emulsion gels for pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses","volume":"54","author":"Lupi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12393-024-09390-6","article-title":"Conventional and Innovative Methods for Pectin Extraction from Agro-industrial By-products","volume":"17","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Eng. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, X., Zhu, Y., Shu, C., Gao, J., Liu, F., and Pan, S. (2022). Extraction of Pectin from Satsuma Mandarin Peel: A Comparison of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Conventional Extractions in Different Acids. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123747"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.09.087","article-title":"Acoustic cavitation assisted extraction of pectin from waste grapefruit peels: A green two-stage approach and its general mechanism","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-023-02820-2","article-title":"Comparison of Conventional and Microwave-assisted Extraction of Pectin from Watermelon Rind","volume":"31","author":"Majid","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106272","article-title":"Solubility and stability of curcuminoids in microemulsions formulated with hydrophobic and hydrophilic deep eutectic solvents and their in vitro anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"101","author":"Yusakul","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5806","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC02247K","article-title":"Sustainable synthesis of cyclodextrin-based polymers by exploiting natural deep eutectic solvents","volume":"22","author":"Cecone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allahyari, A., Borji, M., Jahanban-Esfahlan, A., Khanalipour, A., Tabibiazar, M., and Ahmadi, P. (2025). Current Status and Future Perspectives of Betaine and Betaine-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14234122"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4180","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC00489A","article-title":"Green materials with promising applications: Cyclodextrin-based deep eutectic supramolecular polymers","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5c01799","article-title":"Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Solvent for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Mechanisms of Solubilization and Permeation Enhancement","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"193","article-title":"Preparation and Infrared Study of Cellulose Based Amphiphilic Materials","volume":"52","author":"Kamel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cellul. Chem. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8747","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b03681","article-title":"Synchrotron-Based Infra-Red Spectroscopic Insights on Thermo-Catalytic Conversion of Cellulosic Feedstock to Levoglucosenone and Furans","volume":"4","author":"Parihar","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1021\/jp066882r","article-title":"Glucose and Fructose Hydrates in Aqueous Solution by IR Spectroscopy","volume":"111","author":"Max","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-013-0023-5","article-title":"Molecular Inclusion Complex of Curcumin\u2013\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Nanoparticle to Enhance Curcumin Skin Permeability from Hydrophilic Matrix Gel","volume":"14","author":"Rachmawati","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Qin, X., Zhong, S., Chen, S., Su, W., and Liu, Y. (2018). Characterization of Curcumin\/Cyclodextrin Polymer Inclusion Complex and Investigation on Its Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051179"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10968","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-025-04066-3","article-title":"Exploring Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction and Stabilization of Grape Pomace Phytochemicals","volume":"18","author":"Hourani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-019-2643-2","article-title":"Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Agents for Improving Solubility, Stability and Delivery of Curcumin","volume":"36","author":"Cysewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capaldi, G., Aimone, C., Calcio Gaudino, E., Rado\u0161evi\u0107, K., Bagovi\u0107, M., Grillo, G., and Cravotto, G. (2024). The Green Extraction of Blueberry By-Products: An Evaluation of the Bioactive Potential of the Anthocyanin\/Polyphenol Fraction. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011032"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14158","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpe.14158","article-title":"Extraction of ferulic acid from rice bran using NADES-ultrasound-assisted extraction: Kinetics and optimization","volume":"46","author":"Gharat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Eng."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2022.100991","article-title":"Recent advances in polyvinyl alcohol-based composite films and their applications in food packaging","volume":"34","author":"Oun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.04.120","article-title":"Cellulose\u2013Glycerol\u2013Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Films for Food Packaging: Evaluation of Water Adsorption, Mechanical Properties, Light-Barrier Properties and Transparency","volume":"195","author":"Velazquez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045102","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ad4100","article-title":"Preparation and Characterisation of Polyvinyl Alcohol\/Glycerol Blend Thin Films for Sustainable Flexibility","volume":"11","author":"Jamali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suhasini, M.R., Rajeshwari, K.M., Bindya, S., Hemavathi, A.B., Prashant, M., Vishwanath, A.S., Rajalakshmanan, E., Raghavendra, G.A., Shivamallu, C., and Kumar Chattu, V. (2023). Pectin\/PVA and pectin-MgO\/PVA films: Preparation, characterization and biodegradation studies. Heliyon, 9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15792"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teleky, B.-E., Mitrea, L., Plamada, D., Nemes, S.A., C\u0103linoiu, L.-F., Pascuta, M.S., Varvara, R.-A., Szabo, K., Vajda, P., and Szekely, C. (2022). Development of Pectin and Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Active Packaging Enriched with Itaconic Acid and Apple Pomace-Derived Antioxidants. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091729"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11026","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200749f","article-title":"Development of Active Polyvinyl Alcohol\/\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Composites To Scavenge Undesirable Food Components","volume":"59","author":"Gavara","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Contreras, F., Zamora-Ledezma, C., L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez, I., Meseguer-Olmo, L., N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Delicado, E., and Gabald\u00f3n, J.A. (2022). Cyclodextrins in Polymer-Based Active Food Packaging: A Fresh Look at Nontoxic, Biodegradable, and Sustainable Technology Trends. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14010104"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"2359","article-title":"An Easy Scalable Approach to HMF Employing DMC as Reaction Media: Reaction Optimization and Comparative Environmental Assessment","volume":"3","author":"Musolino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Sel."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8991","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c07629","article-title":"Biobased 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as a Versatile Building Block for Sustainable Polymeric Materials","volume":"8","author":"Post","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.8b05442","article-title":"Biobased Plasticizers from Carbohydrate-Derived 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan","volume":"58","author":"Howell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1021\/acsfoodscitech.5c00218","article-title":"Sustainable PVA Films Plasticized with Deep Eutectic Solvents for Active Packaging Applications","volume":"5","author":"Kaczmarczyk","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.103","article-title":"Characterization of Bio-Based Plastic Made from a Mixture of Momordica charantia Bioactive Polysaccharide and Choline Chloride\/Glycerol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent","volume":"118","author":"Shafie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202500498","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202500498","article-title":"Green Extraction and Fractionation of Chestnut Wood Waste: A Sustainable Pathway to Biopolymers and Antimicrobial Solutions","volume":"18","author":"Aimone","year":"2025","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rynkowska, E., Fatyeyeva, K., Marais, S., Kujawa, J., and Kujawski, W. (2019). Chemically and Thermally Crosslinked PVA-Based Membranes: Effect on Swelling and Transport Behavior. Polymers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11111799"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148869","article-title":"Structural elucidation of citric acid cross-linked pectin and its impact on the properties of nanocellulose-reinforced packaging films","volume":"333","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.11.041","article-title":"Biodegradable and non-retrogradable eco-films based on starch\u2013glycerol with citric acid as crosslinking agent","volume":"138","author":"Goyanes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Zhou, S., Li, N., and Lin, D. (2025). Curcumin: A Magical Small Molecule with a Large Role in Active-Intelligent Degradable Food Packaging. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083917"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110040","article-title":"NADES-derived beta cyclodextrin-based polymers as sustainable precursors to produce sub-micrometric cross-linked mats and fibrous carbons","volume":"202","author":"Cecone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2023.125740","article-title":"Furan-based copoly(ester-ethers) and copoly(ester-amide-ethers). Comparison study on the phase structure, mechanical and thermal properties","volume":"269","author":"Paszkiewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012010.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/984\/1\/012010","article-title":"Surface chemistry changes and microstructure evaluation of low density nanocluster polyethylene under natural weathering: A spectroscopic investigation","volume":"984","author":"Hamzah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tondi, G., Cefarin, N., Sepperer, T., D\u2019Amico, F., Berger, R.J.F., Musso, M., Birarda, G., Reyer, A., Schnabel, T., and Vaccari, L. (2019). Understanding the Polymerization of Polyfurfuryl Alcohol: Ring Opening and Diels-Alder Reactions. Polymers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11122126"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1988.tb13565.x","article-title":"An Empirical Model for the Description of Moisture Sorption Curves","volume":"53","author":"Peleg","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5153","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-019-03986-1","article-title":"A critical review of analytical methods for determination of curcuminoids in turmeric","volume":"56","author":"Kotra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/12\/2104\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:02:16Z","timestamp":1781535736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/12\/2104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31122104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31122104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}}}