{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:32:18Z","timestamp":1785407538629,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Petronas Petr\u00f3leo Brasil Ltda","award":["22140-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22140-8"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00phthq42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inorganic carbon availability is an underexplored factor influencing extracellular emulsification-associated responses in haloalkaliphilic bacteria. Here, we show that Vreelandella zhaodongensis BS253 exhibits distinct physiological and transcriptional responses to CO2 enrichment and bicarbonate supplementation, accompanied by condition-dependent changes in emulsification activity. Both moderate CO2 enrichment (5\u201310%) and NaHCO3 supported high emulsification values (E24 &gt; 60%). However, CO2 favored higher emulsification activity relative to biomass, whereas NaHCO3 promoted greater biomass accumulation and elevated absolute activity. Transcriptomic profiling revealed extensive condition-dependent reprogramming, particularly involving membrane transport, envelope-associated functions, and genes annotated as related to exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Integrative phenotype-guided analyses prioritized candidate genes statistically associated with the emulsification phenotype. The extracellular emulsification-active material remained active across a broad range of salinity, temperature, pH, and pressure, demonstrating pronounced physicochemical robustness. Together, these findings indicate that inorganic carbon availability modulates emulsification activity and associated transcriptional responses in a haloalkaliphile and highlight extremophilic bacteria as promising platforms for sustainable bioprocesses based on inorganic carbon inputs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31122182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T08:19:52Z","timestamp":1782202792000},"page":"2182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inorganic Carbon Modulates Emulsification Activity and Transcriptional Responses in Vreelandella zhaodongensis BS253"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0437-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Pasinato","family":"Napp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources (IPR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8247-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique Alves de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources (IPR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9902-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Ubiratan Haas de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources (IPR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9339-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduarda Vargas","family":"Abati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources (IPR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4677-5506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francine Melise dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources (IPR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8743-6457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarissa Lovato","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources (IPR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9986-8149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro Tauscheck","family":"Zielinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources (IPR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2433-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charley Christian","family":"Staats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallo, G., and Aulitto, M. 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