{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:49:22Z","timestamp":1782236962156,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) induced by N\u03c9-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) is a well-established model characterized by nitric oxide (NO\u25cf) synthase inhibition and vascular dysfunction. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) regulates Ca2+ flux and may contribute to mitochondrial homeostasis. We hypothesized that TRPV1 activation modulates mitochondria function and attenuates cardiac damage during SAH. Methods: Hypertension was induced in Wistar rats by administration of L-NAME (200 mg\/L) for 40 days. During the last four days, hypertensive animals received capsaicin (5 mg\/kg\/day), capsazepine (6 mg\/kg\/day), or their combination. Cardiac function was evaluated in isolated hearts using the Langendorff perfusion system. Myocardial tissue viability was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and mitochondrial function was evaluated by measuring respiratory control and apoptosis-related proteins. Results: Capsaicin treatment was associated with significant cardioprotective effects in hypertensive rats. Although the findings are consistent with a role of TRPV1 activation in mediating these effects, the partial protection observed with capsazepine suggests that TRPV1-independent mechanisms may also contribute. Conclusions: TRPV1 activation contributes to cardioprotection in SAH, likely through preservation of mitochondrial function and redox balance. However, additional mechanisms beyond TRPV1 modulation may also participate in the observed protective effects. Further studies\u2014including direct assessment of mitochondrial Ca2+ flux and the use of more selective or genetic approaches\u2014are currently underway to clarify the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31132212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:11:49Z","timestamp":1782234709000},"page":"2212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TRPV1 Activation Is Associated with Improved Mitochondrial Function and Cardioprotection in Experimental Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Ruiz-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4243-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Correa-Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2999-1050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Del","family":"Valle-Mondrag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arantxa Marianne","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oralia Medina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Espejel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8189-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Vargas-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz","family":"Ibarra-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8910-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Hugo","family":"Oidor-Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julieta Anabell","family":"D\u00edaz-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Mem\u00edje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromechanical Instrumentation, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8518-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Castrej\u00f3n-T\u00e9llez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Juan Badiano 1, Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Torres-Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2021.101420","article-title":"Biofeedback therapeutic effects on blood pressure levels in hypertensive individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Vital","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement. 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