{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:31:26Z","timestamp":1785429086648,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Comisi\u00f3n Colombiana del Oc\u00e9ano\u2014Programa Ant\u00e1rtico Colombiano","award":["11EAC-CV-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11EAC-CV-006"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Ant\u00e1rtico Chileno\u2014INACH","award":["RG_06_24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG_06_24"]}]},{"award":["RG_06_24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG_06_24"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/022gs0c53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high prevalence and incidence of neurodegenerative diseases pose a public health challenge and drive the search for alternative treatments. This study determined the chemical composition of hydroalcoholic extracts from the Antarctic species Polycauliona candelaria and Placopsis antarctica and evaluated their antioxidant and cholinesterase-inhibitory potential through in vitro assays and molecular docking. Using UHPLC\/ESI\/QToF\/MS, 16 compounds were tentatively identified in P. candelaria and 11 in P. antarctica. P. antarctica exhibited greater antioxidant capacity (2.69 \u00b1 0.15 mg GAE\/g in TPC, and an IC50 for DPPH and ABTS of 330.64 \u00b1 0.02 and 63.33 \u00b1 0.02 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively) and inhibitory activity (IC50 for AChE and BuChE of 654.42 \u00b1 0.03 and 845.58 \u00b1 0.01 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively) similar to P. candelaria. Molecular docking analyses revealed that gyrophoric acid and stictic acid possess outstanding binding affinities, comparable to the drug galantamine, by effectively interacting with the catalytic sites of the enzymes. This is the first report on the chemical compounds present in extracts of P. antarctica and P. candelaria and contributes to the understanding of their therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31132242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:37:55Z","timestamp":1782391075000},"page":"2242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant and Enzymatic Evaluation of Extracts from the Antarctic Lichens Polycauliona candelaria and Placopsis antarctica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0881-8187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Torres-Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, General Lagos 1163, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Pizarro-Pi\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Romero-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica y Fisicoqu\u00edmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Santiago 8380544, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0808-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Vargas-Arana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de la Amazon\u00eda Peruana, Iquitos 16001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5050-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Farmacognosia y Bot\u00e1nica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9178-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Pilar","family":"G\u00f3mez-Serranillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Farmacognosia y Bot\u00e1nica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4552-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario J.","family":"Simirgiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2937","article-title":"The Expanding Burden of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Unmet Medical and Social Need","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"191","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Prevalence Trends, Economic Costs, and Therapeutic Challenges","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Era\u2019s J. 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