{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:07:30Z","timestamp":1785420450003,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/43\/B\/NZ5\/02564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/43\/B\/NZ5\/02564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2021\/43\/B\/NZ5\/02564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/43\/B\/NZ5\/02564"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ha2q922","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer remains a leading cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality. Although the standard therapy is usually effective at first, the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) significantly limits the efficacy of the treatment. Topotecan (TOP) is a drug commonly used in second-line therapy. However, the cancer cells eventually become immune to its cytotoxic effect, as they start to produce ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, proteins facilitating drug removal. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is one such protein, and TOP is its known substrate. Vismodegib, a Sonic Hedgehog pathway (Shh) inhibitor, has demonstrated potential anticancer activity in various malignancies. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Vismodegib treatment on both topotecan-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, cultured in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) conditions, as well as the potential of Vismodegib treatment to reverse the acquired drug resistance. Our results suggest that Vismodegib re-sensitizes TOP-resistant cells in both 2D and 3D models. However, further research is needed to evaluate its usefulness in ovarian cancer treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31132331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:52:24Z","timestamp":1783007544000},"page":"2331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vismodegib Exerts a Pleotropic Effect on Topotecan-Resistant and Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines in 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7276-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Stasiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"},{"name":"The Doctoral School of Exact and Technical Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4569-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Sopel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7043-5566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"P\u0142\u00f3ciennik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1603-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Maria","family":"Lipowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4721-9010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka Anna","family":"Raw\u0142uszko-Wieczorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3936-7534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Sterzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6483-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"\u015awierczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1642-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Korbecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7286-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Januchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millert-Kali\u0144ska, S., Przybylski, M., Pruski, D., Stawicka-Nie\u0142acna, M., and M\u0105dry, R. 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