{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:52:48Z","timestamp":1785433968881,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P1-0189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P3-0323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["P1-0189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0189"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059bp8k51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["P3-0323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0323"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059bp8k51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medis, d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia, a local distributor for CytoSorbents Europe GmbH, Berlin, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Supportive therapy with haemoadsorption is gaining popularity in critically ill patients, with the aim of reducing overinflammation triggered by the cytokine storm. The haemoadsorbers used are not specific for cytokines and also bind antibiotics. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple analytical method for the simultaneous determination of selected antibiotics and to develop an in vitro model for the quantification of their binding to the CytoSorb\u00ae haemoadsorber under conditions simulating sepsis. Imipenem (IMI), amoxicillin (AMO), cefepime (CEF), meropenem (MERO), vancomycin (VAN) and piperacillin (PIP) were measured in bovine plasma via precipitation with acetonitrile and liquid\u2013liquid extraction with dichloromethane. The aqueous phase was collected and analysed using a C18 HPLC system under gradient conditions, with modulation of organic solvent content and mobile phase pH, and detection performed using a UV\/Vis detector. The method was linear (r2 &gt; 0.982) across investigated analytical ranges (1.0\u2013100.0 \u00b5g\/mL for AMO and VAN, 1.0\u201375.0 \u00b5g\/mL for CEF, MERO and PIP and 2.5\u2013100.0 \u00b5g\/mL for IMI). Intra- and inter-day precision did not exceed 14% and accuracy ranged from 85.8% to 108.5%. Using the in vitro model, we showed that CytoSorb\u00ae significantly removed VAN and PIP, but not MERO. Further clinical studies are needed to establish the clinical significance of these findings and their impact on antibiotic exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31132337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T07:59:47Z","timestamp":1783065587000},"page":"2337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development, Validation, and Application of an HPLC Method Combined with an In Vitro Model for the Determination of Antibiotic Binding to the Haemoadsorber CytoSorb\u00ae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3879-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Kenda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"General Hospital Dr. Franc Derganc Nova Gorica, Padlih Borcev 13a, 5290 Sempeter pri Gorici, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5394-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Guben\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3322-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toma\u017e","family":"Vovk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06050-1","article-title":"Antimicrobial Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Critically Ill Adult Patients: A Position Paper#","volume":"46","author":"Alffenaar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2378-9","article-title":"Optimization of the Treatment with Beta-Lactam Antibiotics in Critically Ill Patients\u2014Guidelines from the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Pharmacologie et Th\u00e9rapeutique\u2014SFPT) and the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019Anesth\u00e9sie et R\u00e9animation\u2014SFAR)","volume":"23","author":"Guilhaumou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. 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