{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:04:19Z","timestamp":1783919059881,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme at the interface between the endocannabinoid system and lipid metabolism, playing a pivotal role in the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol and in the regulation of lipid mediators involved in inflammation, pain, neurodegeneration and cancer. Owing to its therapeutic relevance, MAGL has emerged as an attractive pharmacological target, stimulating extensive research efforts aimed at the development of potent and selective modulators of its activity. Advances in medicinal chemistry, together with the increasing application of innovative computational approaches and biochemical methods to assess MAGL activity, have significantly expanded the chemical space of compounds capable of modulating this enzyme. This review provides a comprehensive overview of selective MAGL modulators reported in the scientific literature from 2020 to the present, excluding compounds described exclusively in patent literature and MAGL probes, as this area has been recently reviewed elsewhere, ranging from classical enzyme inhibitors to modulators acting through alternative strategies, such as targeted protein degradation. Overall, this review highlights the structural diversity and the main strategies that have emerged in recent years in modulating MAGL and it aims to guide the rational design of next-generation MAGL-targeting agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31132353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:33:06Z","timestamp":1783089186000},"page":"2353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent Progress in the Development of Selective MAGL Modulators (2020\u20132026)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5017-3925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Landucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7145-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Lonzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9899-1895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8832-8075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Bertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Macchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Granchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4336-4344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Bononi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)09876-1","article-title":"Determination and Characterization of a Cannabinoid Receptor in Rat Brain","volume":"34","author":"Devane","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1470919","article-title":"Isolation and Structure of a Brain Constituent That Binds to the Cannabinoid Receptor","volume":"258","author":"Devane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(97)82001-3","article-title":"Pharmacology of Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 Receptors","volume":"74","author":"Pertwee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00729.x","article-title":"CB2: A Cannabinoid Receptor with an Identity Crisis","volume":"160","author":"Atwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piette, C., Cui, Y., Gervasi, N., and Venance, L. (2020). Lights on Endocannabinoid-Mediated Synaptic Potentiation. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00132"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.131","article-title":"Biosynthesis and Degradation of the Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol","volume":"37","author":"Ueda","year":"2011","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)33857-7","article-title":"Purification and Some Properties of a Monoacylglycerol-Hydrolyzing Enzyme of Rat Adipose Tissue","volume":"251","author":"Tornqvist","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27218","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.43.27218","article-title":"CDNA Cloning, Tissue Distribution, and Identification of the Catalytic Triad of Monoglyceride Lipase","volume":"272","author":"Karlsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10819","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152334899","article-title":"Brain Monoglyceride Lipase Participating in Endocannabinoid Inactivation","volume":"99","author":"Dinh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.011","article-title":"Monoglyceride Lipase: Structure and Inhibitors","volume":"197","author":"Scalvini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200900621","article-title":"Crystal Structure of the Human Monoacylglycerol Lipase, a Key Actor in Endocannabinoid Signaling","volume":"11","author":"Labar","year":"2010","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2008.06.008","article-title":"Covalent Inhibitors of Human Monoacylglycerol Lipase: Ligand-Assisted Characterization of the Catalytic Site by Mass Spectrometry and Mutational Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zvonok","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-3084(02)00150-0","article-title":"A Role for Monoglyceride Lipase in 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Inactivation","volume":"121","author":"Dinh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"441","article-title":"Lid Domain Plasticity and Lipid Flexibility Modulate Enzyme Specificity in Human Monoacylglycerol Lipase","volume":"1862","author":"Riccardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.10.025","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors","volume":"92","author":"Mulvihill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casas-Godoy, L., Duquesne, S., Bordes, F., Sandoval, G., and Marty, A. (2012). Lipases: An Overview. Methods in Molecular Biology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-600-5_1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2018.05.002","article-title":"2-Arachidonoylglycerol: A Signaling Lipid with Manifold Actions in the Brain","volume":"71","author":"Baggelaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0307180","article-title":"Pivotal Advance: Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Agonist HU-308 Protects against Hepatic Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Apoptosis","volume":"82","author":"Rajesh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2011.02.010","article-title":"Neuroprotective Agents: Cannabinoids","volume":"142","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/35071088","article-title":"Leptin-Regulated Endocannabinoids Are Involved in Maintaining Food Intake","volume":"410","author":"Goparaju","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.008","article-title":"Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System in Drug Addiction","volume":"29","author":"Maldonado","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.04.009","article-title":"Endocannabinoid and Prostanoid Crosstalk in Pain","volume":"25","author":"Buisseret","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414524632","article-title":"Endocannabinoids in Synaptic Plasticity and Neuroprotection","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209200","article-title":"Endocannabinoid Hydrolysis Generates Brain Prostaglandins That Promote Neuroinflammation","volume":"334","author":"Nomura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14919","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1165-14.2014","article-title":"Synaptic and Cognitive Improvements by Inhibition of 2-AG Metabolism Are through Upregulation of MicroRNA-188-3p in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2017.08.003","article-title":"Contrasting Effects of Selective MAGL and FAAH Inhibition on Dopamine Depletion and GDNF Expression in a Chronic MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"110","author":"Pasquarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13765","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201407807","article-title":"A Reversible and Selective Inhibitor of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Ameliorates Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Cipriano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.181370","article-title":"Blockade of Endocannabinoid Hydrolytic Enzymes Attenuates Precipitated Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms in Mice","volume":"339","author":"Ramesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.07.055","article-title":"The Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Mediates D1 and D2 Receptor Cooperative Enhancement of Rat Nucleus Accumbens Core Neuron Firing","volume":"193","author":"Seif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.027","article-title":"Monoacylglycerol Lipase Regulates a Fatty Acid Network That Promotes Cancer Pathogenesis","volume":"140","author":"Nomura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.02.002","article-title":"Pharmacological Inhibition of MAGL Attenuates Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis","volume":"119","author":"Pagano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2009.05.009","article-title":"Characterization of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition Reveals Differences in Central and Peripheral Endocannabinoid Metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1143","article-title":"The Emerging Role of Lysophosphatidic Acid in Cancer","volume":"3","author":"Mills","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.07.036","article-title":"Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) as a Promising Therapeutic Target","volume":"157","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.11.060","article-title":"Structural Basis for Human Monoglyceride Lipase Inhibition","volume":"396","author":"Bertrand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7310","DOI":"10.1021\/jm901323s","article-title":"Bis(Dialkylaminethiocarbonyl)Disulfides as Potent and Selective Monoglyceride Lipase Inhibitors","volume":"52","author":"Kapanda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00276.x","article-title":"A Critical Cysteine Residue in Monoacylglycerol Lipase Is Targeted by a New Class of Isothiazolinone-based Enzyme Inhibitors","volume":"157","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-008-9123-2","article-title":"Search for Monoglyceride Lipase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Screening of Arylthioamides Derivatives","volume":"18","author":"Kapanda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5774","DOI":"10.1021\/jm3006004","article-title":"Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 2,4-Dinitroaryldithiocarbamate Derivatives as Novel Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors","volume":"55","author":"Kapanda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2003.12.003","article-title":"Monoglyceride Lipase-like Enzymatic Activity Is Responsible for Hydrolysis of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in Rat Cerebellar Membranes","volume":"67","author":"Saario","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.129","article-title":"Selective Blockade of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Hydrolysis Produces Cannabinoid Behavioral Effects","volume":"5","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2012.03.009","article-title":"Highly Selective Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Bearing a Reactive Group That Is Bioisosteric with Endocannabinoid Substrates","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1021\/cn400116z","article-title":"Evaluation of NHS Carbamates as a Potent and Selective Class of Endocannabinoid Hydrolase Inhibitors","volume":"4","author":"Niphakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Hoor-Naert, C. (2008). Triazolopyridine Carboxamide Derivatives, Preparation Thereof and Therapeutic Use Thereof. (WO2008145842)."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9062","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00951","article-title":"Identification of ABX-1431, a Selective Inhibitor of Monoacylglycerol Lipase and Clinical Candidate for Treatment of Neurological Disorders","volume":"61","author":"Cisar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9059","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b01405","article-title":"Activity-Based Protein Profiling Delivers Selective Drug Candidate ABX-1431, a Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor, To Control Lipid Metabolism in Neurological Disorders","volume":"61","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2616","article-title":"Chronic Monoacylglycerol Lipase Blockade Causes Functional Antagonism of the Endocannabinoid System","volume":"13","author":"Schlosburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2009.09.012","article-title":"Discovery of Potent and Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors","volume":"16","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02059.x","article-title":"The Antinociceptive Triterpene \u03b2-amyrin Inhibits 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) Hydrolysis without Directly Targeting Cannabinoid Receptors","volume":"167","author":"Chicca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Chevalier, K.M., Dax, S.L., Flores, C.M., Liu, L., Macielag, M.J., McDonnel, M.E., Nelen, M.I., Prouty, S., Todd, M., and Zhang, S. (2010). Heteroaromatic and Aromatic Piperazinyl Azetidinyl Amides as Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors. (WO2010124121)."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.596","article-title":"Crystal Structure of a Soluble Form of Human Monoglyceride Lipase in Complex with an Inhibitor at 1.35 \u00c5 Resolution","volume":"20","author":"Schubert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.08.038","article-title":"Discovery of Long-Chain Salicylketoxime Derivatives as Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors","volume":"157","author":"Bononi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b01483","article-title":"Optimization of a Benzoylpiperidine Class Identifies a Highly Potent and Selective Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitor","volume":"62","author":"Granchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bononi, G., Landucci, E., Di Stefano, M., Piazza, L., Bertini, S., Macchia, M., and Granchi, C. (2025). Methods for Assessing MAGL Enzymatic Activity: An Extensive Review of Past and Emerging Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199829"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara, F., Kuhn, B., and Grether, U. (2025). Exploring The Therapeutic Landscape Of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors: Advances In Small-Molecule Discovery. Medicinal Chemistry Reviews, American Chemical Society.","DOI":"10.1021\/mc-2025-vol60.ch03"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13321-024-00910-4","article-title":"Generate What You Can Make: Achieving in-House Synthesizability with Readily Available Resources in de Novo Drug Design","volume":"17","author":"Hassen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cheminform."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omran, Z. (2021). New Disulfiram Derivatives as MAGL-Selective Inhibitors. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113296"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200700139","article-title":"Disulfiram Is an Inhibitor of Human Purified Monoacylglycerol Lipase, the Enzyme Regulating 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Signaling","volume":"8","author":"Labar","year":"2007","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.01.012","article-title":"Piperazine and Piperidine Triazole Ureas as Ultrapotent and Highly Selective Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase","volume":"20","author":"Aaltonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01278","article-title":"Development of Potent and Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors. SARs, Structural Analysis, and Biological Characterization","volume":"67","author":"Butini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2025.108378","article-title":"Discovery of New Covalent Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase with the Nitrile Warhead via SCARdock","volume":"159","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10397","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c08147","article-title":"SCARdock: A Web Server and Manually Curated Resource for Discovering Covalent Ligands","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottria, R., Casati, S., Xynomilakis, O., Veselinovi\u0107, A., and Ciuffreda, P. (2025). Discovery of MAGL Inhibition by Lophine Derivatives: An Unexpected Finding from Chemiluminescent Assay Development. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30071605"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubry\u0144, N., Fija\u0142kowski, \u0141., Nowaczyk, J., Jamil, A., and Nowaczyk, A. (2025). PROTAC Technology as a New Tool for Modern Pharmacotherapy. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30102123"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02392-1","article-title":"MAGL Targeted PROTAC Degrader Simultaneously Enhances P53 for Synergistic Treatment of Glioblastoma Stem Cell","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2020.01.009","article-title":"Glioblastoma Stem Cells: Driving Resilience through Chaos","volume":"6","author":"Prager","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16789-2","article-title":"ARS2\/MAGL Signaling in Glioblastoma Stem Cells Promotes Self-Renewal and M2-like Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00070","article-title":"Discovery of Trifluoromethyl Glycol Carbamates as Potent and Selective Covalent Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors for Treatment of Neuroinflammation","volume":"61","author":"McAllister","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31062","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA05311F","article-title":"Discovery of 8-Prenylnaringenin from Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) as a Potent Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor for Treatments of Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Tung","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0127","article-title":"Effects of Long-Term Treatment with 8-Prenylnaringenin and Oral Estradiol on the GH\u2013IGF-1 Axis and Lipid Metabolism in Rats","volume":"198","author":"Christoffel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110456","article-title":"Peripheral Deficiency and Antiallodynic Effects of 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol in a Mouse Model of Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain","volume":"129","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01127-1","article-title":"Cannabinoids: An Effective Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity?","volume":"18","author":"Cavaletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Romaiyan, A., and Masocha, W. (2022). Pristimerin, a Triterpene That Inhibits Monoacylglycerol Lipase Activity, Prevents the Development of Paclitaxel-Induced Allodynia in Mice. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.944502"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Musailem, M., Masocha, W., and Al-Romaiyan, A. (2025). Notoginsenoside R1, a Metabolite from Panax Notoginseng, Prevents Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Mice. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30173613"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9205","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00824","article-title":"Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Piperazinyl Pyrrolidin-2-Ones as a Novel Series of Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors","volume":"61","author":"Aida","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001803","article-title":"Notoginsenoside R1 Alleviates Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Neuronal Apoptosis, and Inflammation via Activating the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2\/Heme Oxygenase-1 Signaling Pathway","volume":"33","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000518215","article-title":"The Protective Effect of Notoginsenoside R1 on Isoflurane-Induced Neurological Impairment in the Rats via Regulating MiR-29a Expression and Neuroinflammation","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2014.885117","article-title":"Notoginsenoside R1-Mediated Neuroprotection Involves Estrogen Receptor-Dependent Crosstalk between Akt and ERK1\/2 Pathways: A Novel Mechanism of Nrf2\/ARE Signaling Activation","volume":"48","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2020.127198","article-title":"The Discovery of Diazetidinyl Diamides as Potent and Reversible Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL)","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01679","article-title":"Benzisothiazolinone Derivatives as Potent Allosteric Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors That Functionally Mimic Sulfenylation of Regulatory Cysteines","volume":"63","author":"Castelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31046","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31046","article-title":"Free-Energy Studies Reveal a Possible Mechanism for Oxidation-Dependent Inhibition of MGL","volume":"6","author":"Scalvini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.10.026","article-title":"Benzisothiazolinone as a Useful Template for the Design of New Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors: Investigation of the Target Residues and Comparison with Octhilinone","volume":"21","author":"Matuszak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103352","article-title":"\u03c9-Quinazolinonylalkyl Aryl Ureas as Reversible Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase","volume":"94","author":"Dato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jha, V., Biagi, M., Spinelli, V., Di Stefano, M., Macchia, M., Minutolo, F., Granchi, C., Poli, G., and Tuccinardi, T. (2020). Discovery of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors Based on a Pharmacophore-Guided Virtual Screening Study. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26010078"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5783","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b02137","article-title":"Discovery of Aryl Formyl Piperidine Derivatives as Potent, Reversible, and Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors","volume":"63","author":"Zhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., Guan, S., E, J., Yang, Z., Zhang, X., Ju, J., Wang, S., and Zhang, H. (2022). Insight into the Inhibitory Mechanism of Aryl Formyl Piperidine Derivatives on Monoacylglycerol Lipase through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217512"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116285","article-title":"Discovery of a Novel Class of Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors for Potential Treatment of Depression","volume":"268","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"418","article-title":"Brexpiprazole (Rexulti): A New Monotherapy for Schizophrenia and Adjunctive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"41","author":"Eaves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.127986","article-title":"Discovery of Novel Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors via Docking-Based Virtual Screening","volume":"41","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112857","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Second-Generation Benzoylpiperidine Derivatives as Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors","volume":"209","author":"Granchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113679","article-title":"Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors Based on a Diphenylsulfide-Benzoylpiperidine Scaffold","volume":"223","author":"Bononi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7118","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c01806","article-title":"Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors: Discovery of a New Class of Benzylpiperidine Derivatives","volume":"65","author":"Bononi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2009.02.013","article-title":"Discovery and Characterization of a Highly Selective FAAH Inhibitor That Reduces Inflammatory Pain","volume":"16","author":"Ahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115916","article-title":"Design, Synthesis, ADME and Biological Evaluation of Benzylpiperidine and Benzylpiperazine Derivatives as Novel Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors","volume":"263","author":"Masoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356179","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2024.2356179","article-title":"Watermelon: Setup and Validation of an in Silico Fragment-Based Approach","volume":"39","author":"Galati","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bononi, G., Bertini, F., Masoni, S., Stefano, M.D., Mosca, R., Felice, F., Signore, G., Minutolo, F., Granchi, C., and Tuccinardi, T. (2026). Development of Glycoconjugated MAGL Inhibitors with Glucose-Dependent Antiproliferative Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27062666"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8039","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43606-3","article-title":"A Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor Showing Therapeutic Efficacy in Mice without Central Side Effects or Dependence","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12331","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01037","article-title":"Structure\u2013Activity Relationship Studies of Aryl Sulfoxides as Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors","volume":"67","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, H., Wang, Y., Yang, L., Liu, M., Sun, C., Gu, Y., and Yao, J. (2023). Novel MAGL Inhibitors Alleviate LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammatory Vesicles, Modulating Intestinal Flora, Repairing the Intestinal Barrier, and Interfering with Serum Metabolism. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28217245"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Li, M., Liang, Z., Wang, Y., Li, H., Li, S., Jiao, X., Guo, N., Dai, G., and Zhang, G. (2026). MAGL-18c Attenuates LPS-Induced Sepsis-Associated Liver Injury by Inhibiting TGF-\u03b2\/Smad Signaling and Remodeling Medium- and Long-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism. Front. Immunol., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1712807"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2024.117844","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Naphthyl Amide Derivatives as Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors","volume":"111","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2025.118237","article-title":"Optimization of a Naphthyl Amide Class Identifies Potent and Selective Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors","volume":"128","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11014","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c00432","article-title":"Design and Synthesis of Novel Spiro Derivatives as Potent and Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors: Bioisosteric Transformation from 3-Oxo-3,4-Dihydro-2H-Benzo[b][1,4]Oxazin-6-Yl Moiety","volume":"64","author":"Ikeda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arimura, N., Maeda, C., Aoyama, K., Yamaguchi, N., Sugiura, A., Takahashi, Y., Maeda, R., Ando, T., Kamata, M., and Matsui, H. (2024). Compound 4f, a Novel Brain-Penetrant Reversible Monoacylglycerol Inhibitor, Ameliorates Neuroinflammation, Neuronal Cell Loss, and Cognitive Impairment in Mice with Kainic Acid-Induced Neurodegeneration. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312090"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18448","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01769","article-title":"Structure-Guided Discovery of cis-Hexahydro-Pyrido-Oxazinones as Reversible, Drug-like Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors","volume":"67","author":"Kuhn","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2025.108698","article-title":"Discovery of Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors Based on Ortho-Hydroxyanilide Scaffold","volume":"163","author":"Bononi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112798","article-title":"Identification of Bioactive Natural Products Using Yeast: Application to Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor Extraction from Corydalis Rhizoma","volume":"149","author":"Mei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbac131","article-title":"Mass Spectrometry\u2013Guided Discovery of New Analogs of Bicyclic Phosphotriester Salinipostin and Evaluation of Their Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitory Activity","volume":"86","author":"Kudo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, H., Zhang, Q., Lei, Q., Yang, N., Yang, K., Jiang, J., and Yu, Z. (2022). Discovering Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors by a Combination of Fluorogenic Substrate Assay and Activity-Based Protein Profiling. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.941522"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1691","article-title":"Cryptotanshinone Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Glucose Metabolism via STAT3\/SIRT3 Signaling Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2020.104633","article-title":"Cryptotanshinone: A Review of Its Pharmacology Activities and Molecular Mechanisms","volume":"145","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1124\/molpharm.123.000668","article-title":"\u03b2-Caryophyllene Inhibits Monoacylglycerol Lipase Activity and Increases 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Levels In Vivo: A New Mechanism of Endocannabinoid-Mediated Analgesia?","volume":"105","author":"Klawitter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9099","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803601105","article-title":"Beta-Caryophyllene Is a Dietary Cannabinoid","volume":"105","author":"Gertsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finlay, D.B., Sircombe, K.J., Nimick, M., Jones, C., and Glass, M. (2020). Terpenoids From Cannabis Do Not Mediate an Entourage Effect by Acting at Cannabinoid Receptors. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00359"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2019.0099","article-title":"Terpenoids Commonly Found in Cannabis sativa Do Not Modulate the Actions of Phytocannabinoids or Endocannabinoids on TRPA1 and TRPV1 Channels","volume":"5","author":"Heblinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2019.0016","article-title":"Absence of Entourage: Terpenoids Commonly Found in Cannabis Sativa Do Not Modulate the Functional Activity of \u03949-THC at Human CB1 and CB2 Receptors","volume":"4","author":"Santiago","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raja, A.F., Ali, F., Khan, I.A., Shawl, A.S., Arora, D.S., Shah, B.A., and Taneja, S.C. (2011). Antistaphylococcal and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Acetyl-11-Keto-\u03b2-Boswellic Acid from Boswellia Serrata. BMC Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-54"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2019.1663865","article-title":"Induction of Developmental Toxicity and Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos\/Larvae by Acetyl-11-Keto-\u03b2-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) through Oxidative Stress","volume":"45","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4103\/2225-4110.119723","article-title":"Frankincense (\u4e73\u9999 R\u01d4 Xi\u0101ng; Boswellia Species): From the Selection of Traditional Applications to the Novel Phytotherapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Serious Diseases","volume":"3","author":"Hamidpour","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-016-0428-x","article-title":"Clinical Comparison of Oral Administration and Viscosupplementation of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) in Early Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"101","author":"Ricci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2025.100812","article-title":"Acetyl-11-Keto-\u03b2-Boswellic Acid Alleviates Hepatic Metabolic Dysfunction by Inhibiting MGLL Activity","volume":"66","author":"Luan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e050623217670","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526523666230605160222","article-title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Morinda citrifolia on Behavioural and Biochemical Deficits in PTZ-Induced Kindled Mice","volume":"23","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2147\/JEP.S477956","article-title":"Identifying Potential Human Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors from the Phytoconstituents of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruits by in Silico Pharmacology and in vitro Study","volume":"16","author":"Sadino","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157046","article-title":"Cistanoside F Acts as a Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor That Synergizes the Anti-Tumor Effect of 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol on Bladder Cancer","volume":"145","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2020.122457","article-title":"Liquid Chromatography\u2013Three-Dimensional Mass Spectrometry Enables Confirmative Structural Annotation of Cistanoside F Metabolites in Rat","volume":"1162","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36118","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036118","article-title":"Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study on the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Angelica Sinensis- Radix Rehmanniae Drug Pair","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c19-00008","article-title":"A Review of Biologically Active Natural Products from a Desert Plant Cistanche tubulosa","volume":"67","author":"Morikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-025-03423-9","article-title":"Melatonin as a Treatment for Atherosclerosis: Focus on Programmed Cell Death, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress","volume":"20","author":"Asemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-025-03331-1","article-title":"Melatonin Supplementation: New Insights into Health and Disease","volume":"29","author":"Minari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-024-00683-5","article-title":"Practical Application of Melatonin for Pancreas Disorders: Protective Roles against Inflammation, Malignancy, and Dysfunctions","volume":"77","author":"Sheibani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"10","article-title":"MGLL Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Invasion: Potential Therapeutic Inhibition by Melatonin","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-019-00013-0","article-title":"Inhibition of Monoglyceride Lipase by Proton Pump Inhibitors: Investigation Using Docking and in Vitro Experiments","volume":"72","author":"Dahabiyeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.13751","article-title":"Pyrrolidin-2-one Linked Benzofused Heterocycles as Novel Small Molecule Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors and Antinociceptive Agents","volume":"96","author":"Altamimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afzal, O., Altamimi, A.S.A., Shahroz, M.M., Sharma, H.K., Riadi, Y., and Hassan, M.Q. (2021). Analgesic and Anticancer Activity of Benzoxazole Clubbed 2-Pyrrolidinones as Novel Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082389"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty707","article-title":"AdmetSAR 2.0: Web-Service for Prediction and Optimization of Chemical ADMET Properties","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"129","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Functionalized Azaglycinamides as Cytotoxic and Antinociceptive Agents","volume":"17","author":"Shaik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrei, C., Mihai, D.P., Nitulescu, G., Ungurianu, A., Margina, D.M., Nitulescu, G.M., Olaru, O.T., Busca, R.M., and Zanfirescu, A. (2023). Cetirizine and Levetiracetam as Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase: Investigating Their Repurposing Potential as Novel Osteoarthritic Pain Therapies. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16111563"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66324-4","article-title":"Expediting Hit-to-Lead Progression in Drug Discovery through Reaction Prediction and Multi-Dimensional Optimization","volume":"16","author":"Nippa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118662","article-title":"MCH11, a New Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor, Reduces Ethanol Consumption and Motivation to Drink in Mice, with Sex-Dependent Differences","volume":"192","author":"Torregrosa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bononi, G., Granchi, C., Tuccinardi, T., and Minutolo, F. (2025). Identification of a Possible Endocannabinoid-Mediated Mechanism of Action of Cetylated Fatty Acids. Biomolecules, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030363"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152316","article-title":"The Dual Role of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) in Cancer: From Oncogenesis to Tumor Suppression and Therapeutic Targeting: A Review","volume":"364","author":"Ning","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/13\/2353\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T04:10:47Z","timestamp":1783915847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/13\/2353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31132353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31132353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}}}