{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:54:09Z","timestamp":1787237649454,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicinal plants are being investigated as a source of compounds with biological activities related to diabetes. The antidiabetic properties of the plant Carica papaya have been reported in experimental models. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity of extracts from C. papaya leaves against \u03b1-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Plant material was collected in Tabasco, Mexico, and extracted by sequential maceration with solvents of increasing polarity: hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and methanol:water. The extracts were fractionated by column chromatography, and the most active fractions were selected for further purification. The phytochemical identification of the active compounds was performed, and their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The methanolic extract, rich in phenols and flavonoids, showed the highest antioxidant capacity (DPPH: 8.99 mmol TE\/g; ABTS: 35.94 mmol RE\/g; FRAP: 48.62 mmol Fe2+\/g). The hydroalcoholic extract exhibited \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activity (38.44%), and bioassay-guided fractionation led to the identification of clitorin. The dichloromethane extract showed pancreatic lipase inhibition (52.2%), and the most active fraction contained loliolide. These findings demonstrate that C. papaya leaves contain bioactive compounds with antioxidants and digestive enzyme inhibitory activities, suggesting they could be candidates for further research in the management of diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31132394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:19:31Z","timestamp":1783430371000},"page":"2394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, and Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes of Carica papaya L. Leaf"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7732-8696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Daniel","family":"Cruz-Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Tabasco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manas\u00e9s","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cortazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2233-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Zamilpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Silvia","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bi\u00f3ticos, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN), Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km 6, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7528-4082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham","family":"G\u00f3mez-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduac\u00e1n-Jalpa Km 1, Col. La Esperanza, Cunduac\u00e1n 86690, Tabasco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduac\u00e1n-Jalpa Km 1, Col. La Esperanza, Cunduac\u00e1n 86690, Tabasco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1191-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ruiz-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Tabasco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5536-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"German Alberto","family":"Nolasco-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Tabasco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8170-8171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Alfonso","family":"Tovilla-Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86650, Tabasco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isela Esther","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Rojop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Tabasco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes (2026). 2. 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