{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:03:11Z","timestamp":1784178191622,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFE0108800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0108800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Science and Technology Program","award":["2022B2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B2008"]}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Science and Technology Program","award":["CXTD2023003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTD2023003"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Program","award":["YDZJ202502CXJD088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202502CXJD088"]}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe Program","award":["101086226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086226"]}]},{"name":"\u201c111\u201d Project of China","award":["D17017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D17017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cells in peripheral blood and perform critical functions including oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, acid base buffering, regulation of hemorheology, and modulation of immune signaling. Due to their high content of hemoglobin and labile iron, prolonged exposure to high oxygen tension, membrane enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the absence of both nucleus and mitochondria, mature RBCs have limited capacity for damage repair and protein re-synthesis, making them highly susceptible to attack by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 2,2\u2032-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) are the two most commonly used inducers in the in vitro models of RBC oxidative injury: H2O2 primarily generates hydroxyl radicals via hemoglobin\/ferrous ion-dependent Fenton reactions, simulating acute oxidative stress. AAPH releases peroxyl radicals upon thermal decomposition, mimicking persistent lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. Curcumin, a representative polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, exerts multiple effects including free radical scavenging, metal ion chelation, membrane stabilization, anti-inflammatory activity, and regulation of redox homeostasis. This review systematically summarizes the pathological basis of RBC oxidative damage and the protective effects of curcumin on membrane systems, antioxidant defenses, morphology, and function, based on the core evidence chain \u201cH2O2\/AAPH\u2014RBCs\u2014curcumin\u201d, integrating recent experimental findings on H2O2, AAPH, blood storage-induced injury, and curcumin formulations. It emphasizes that mature RBCs lack nuclei and mitochondria, and therefore mechanisms such as Nrf2\/ARE signaling, HO-1 induction, mitochondrial apoptosis, caspase cascades, and inflammasome activation should not be directly equated with transcriptional regulatory pathways within mature RBCs, but rather interpreted as indirect evidence originating from nucleated cells, erythroid progenitors, or the blood microenvironment. The article further proposes that future research should focus on standardized RBC models, physiologically relevant dosages, nanodelivery systems, and translational applications in blood storage, to facilitate the transition of curcumin\u2019s in vitro antioxidant evidence into clinical transfusion medicine and precision nutritional interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31142464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T01:05:58Z","timestamp":1784077558000},"page":"2464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Curcumin\u2019s Protective Effects Against H2O2- and AAPH-Induced Oxidative Damage in Red Blood Cells: Mechanisms, Evidence Synthesis, and Perspectives on Translational Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Tianzhu","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"},{"name":"Centre for Opto\/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"},{"name":"Centre for Opto\/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"},{"name":"Centre for Opto\/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuobin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"},{"name":"Centre for Opto\/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"},{"name":"Joint Research Centre for Computer-Controlled Nanomanufacturing, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortese-Krott, M.M. 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