{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:06:59Z","timestamp":1784095619325,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper systematically reviews recent research progress on nicotine control methods in tobacco products, with a focus on various strategies including the regulation of internal tobacco components (such as organic acids, pH, polyols, and moisture content) and the application of external functional materials (e.g., bacterial cellulose-based sustained-release systems and MOF composites). The mechanisms and control efficacy of these approaches are elaborated, along with a comparative analysis of their applicable conditions and limitations. Furthermore, emerging research directions in the precise control of nicotine release are discussed, including multi-factor coupling regulation, material structure design, and release kinetic modeling. By systematically examining the strengths and weaknesses of existing technologies, product-specific and condition-dependent internal control strategies are summarized for different tobacco products based on the available evidence. Finally, future prospects are outlined, including the development of intelligent sustained-release materials, the construction of multi-path synergistic regulation systems, and the integration of toxicological assessments to achieve comprehensive optimization of product quality and health risks. This review aims to provide a mechanistic basis for the rational design of nicotine release control strategies in tobacco products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31142465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:39:38Z","timestamp":1784093978000},"page":"2465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research Progress on Nicotine Control Methods in Tobacco Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Innovative Applications in Health Security, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"School of Advanced Materials and Future Technologies, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Innovative Applications in Health Security, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials and Future Technologies, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"School of Advanced Materials and Future Technologies, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152667","article-title":"Content of Toxic Components of Cigarette, Cigarette Smoke vs. Cigarette Butts: A Comprehensive Systematic Review","volume":"813","author":"Soleimani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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