{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:02:52Z","timestamp":1784782972145,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UCV","award":["PC-2025-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC-2025-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The environmental crisis caused by hydrocarbon-contaminated sediment from the oil industry remains a pressing concern. While sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) offer a potential remediation strategy, they suffer from low power densities and high internal resistance, compounded by a lack of integrated knowledge on electrogenic bacteria. The methodology involved an analysis and systematic mapping of 933 documents retrieved from Scopus (2010\u20132026) using RStudio (R 4.3.1) with Bibliometrix (4.1.4), VOSviewer (1.6.20), and Plotly Studio (4.10.4), complemented by an analysis of system configurations, electrode materials, and electrochemical performance parameters. The results show exponential growth in scientific production (R2 = 0.9959), with China serving as the central hub for international collaboration, followed by the United States and Japan. The most influential authors (Li Y., Li X.) achieve H-indices of 94.33 and collaboration networks of up to 88 co-authors. The most studied strains are Geobacter sulfurreducens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, achieving hydrocarbon removal efficiencies of up to 80% and a maximum power density of 7280 mW\/m2 using a castor oil powder cathode. The predominant configurations are dual-chamber cells with PEM membranes and single-chamber air-cathode cells, employing carbon-iron electrodes and nanomaterials. The main bottlenecks identified are industrial scalability, lack of automation, limited durability (6\u201324 months), and the absence of regulatory frameworks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31142531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:35:52Z","timestamp":1784630152000},"page":"2531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Bibliometric Analysis of Redox Species and Bio-Derived Electrodes for the Conversion of Petroleum-Contaminated Sediments into Bioelectricity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1972-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Segundo","family":"Rojas-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutos y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s Gallozzo","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutos y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9664-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Cabanillas-Chirinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutos y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Soto-Deza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutos y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9838-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelida Milly","family":"Otiniano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutos y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3826-2140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magaly","family":"de La Cruz-Noriega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutos y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben Kenny","family":"Briceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8687-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Bioremediation of Oil-contaminated Sand","volume":"17","author":"Sathyapriya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jordan J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez, C.A., and Osma, J.F. (2020). Microbial Electrochemical Systems: Deriving Future Trends from Historical Perspectives and Characterization Strategies. Front. Environ. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2020.00044"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2023.103245","article-title":"Dose\u2013effect of nitrogen regulation on the bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76668-0","article-title":"Enhanced bioelectrochemical treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater with Labaneh whey as co-substrate","volume":"10","author":"Mohanakrishna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"08004","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202233408004","article-title":"Minimalistic soil microbial fuel cells for bioremediation of recalcitrant pollutants","volume":"334","author":"Nandy","year":"2022","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performance evaluation of POME-based microbial fuel cells: Treatment efficiency, power generation, and electron loss pathways","volume":"412","author":"Rosman","year":"2026","journal-title":"Energy Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119614","article-title":"Review on the escalating imperative of zero liquid discharge (ZLD) technology for sustainable water management and environmental resilience","volume":"351","author":"Abdelfattah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230657","DOI":"10.4491\/eer.2023.657","article-title":"Integrated bioelectroremediation: Simultaneous treatment of industrial effluents and bioenergy generation","volume":"29","author":"Bhadra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-025-02649-y","article-title":"New horizons in microbial fuel cell technology: Applications, challenges, and prospects","volume":"18","author":"Dakal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels Bioprod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, S., Mishra, A., and Ghangrekar, M.M. (2021). A Sustainable Approach for the Production of Green Energy with the Holistic Treatment of Wastewater Through Microbial Electrochemical Technologies: A Review. Front. Sustain., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/frsus.2021.792028"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112428","article-title":"Optimization of conditions for a surfactant-producing strain and application to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil bioremediation","volume":"213","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6900","DOI":"10.48048\/tis.2023.6900","article-title":"Bioremediation of Contaminated Diesel and Bioelectricity Generation Using Marine Bacterial Consortium Integrated with Microbial Fuel Cell","volume":"20","author":"Michu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-025-02889-5","article-title":"Biodegradation potential of used motor oil by mixed bacterial community: Optimization, emulsification activity, bioelectrochemical and metagenomics analyses using single chamber microbial fuel cell","volume":"25","author":"Sakr","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Fact."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.33961\/jecst.2022.00045","article-title":"Boosting Power Generation by Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell in Oil-Contaminated Sediment Amended with Gasoline\/Kerosene","volume":"13","author":"Kamaraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"164","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis: A tutorial for the bibliometrix package in R using IRT literature","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Meas. Eval. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86498","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28580-z","article-title":"Optimizing total ammonia\u2013nitrogen concentration for enhanced microbial fuel cell performance in landfill leachate treatment: A bibliometric analysis and future directions","volume":"30","author":"Ishaq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2018.05.002","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of global research trends on microbial fuel cells using Scopus database","volume":"136","author":"Kurian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsilika, K. (2023). Exploring the contributions to mathematical economics: A bibliometric analysis using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer. Mathematics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/math11224703"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.18520\/cs\/v109\/i12\/2204-2211","article-title":"A bibliometric review of research trends on bioelectrochemical systems","volume":"109","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Differential consumption of polysaccharides and lignin by electrogenic isolates","volume":"65","author":"Taha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"41","article-title":"Biochemical evaluation of bioelectricity production in microbial fuel cell (MFC) with different anode inocula","volume":"24","author":"Mohan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2012.11.005","article-title":"Power generation and wastewater treatment of air-cathode microbial fuel cells with different membrane-electrode assemblies","volume":"38","author":"Karra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7329","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00177-08","article-title":"Microbial biofilm volatility and its impact on electron transfer mechanisms","volume":"74","author":"Marsili","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00175","article-title":"Temporal-spatial dynamics of biofilm formation and its influence on the performance of microbial fuel cells","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012049","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/1587\/1\/012049","article-title":"Bacillus sp. outperforms E. coli in microbial fuel cells for sustainable POME treatment and bioelectricity generation","volume":"1587","author":"Sirajudeen","year":"2026","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387661-4.00004-5","article-title":"Geobacter: The microbe electric\u2019s physiology, ecology, and practical applications","volume":"Volume 59","author":"Lovley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Microbial Physiology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4896","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ee02229f","article-title":"Live wires: Direct extracellular electron exchange for bioenergy and the bioremediation of energy-related contamination","volume":"4","author":"Lovley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4021","DOI":"10.1021\/es4057906","article-title":"Microbial metabolism and community structure in response to bioelectrochemically enhanced remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil","volume":"48","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2014.03.016","article-title":"Antifungal activity of selected essential oils and biocide benzalkonium chloride against the fungi isolated from cultural heritage objects","volume":"93","author":"Stupar","year":"2014","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60025-X","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and essential oils of Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma mangga, and Zingiber cassumunar from Malaysia","volume":"5","author":"Kamazeri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz031","article-title":"The Shewanella genus: Ubiquitous organisms sustaining and preserving aquatic ecosystems","volume":"44","author":"Lemaire","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.07.011","article-title":"Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of five Lamiaceae essential oils","volume":"61","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.075","article-title":"Bioenergy generation and degradation pathway of phenanthrene and anthracene in a constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell with an anode amended with nZVI","volume":"150","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.11.016","article-title":"Cost-effective Chlorella biomass production from dilute wastewater using a novel photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (PMFC)","volume":"108","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.02.103","article-title":"Bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cell using natural microflora and isolated pure culture bacteria from anaerobic palm oil mill effluent sludge","volume":"190","author":"Nor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumbar, S.S., Jadhav, D.A., Jarali, C.S., Talange, D.B., Afzal, A., Khan, S.A., Asif, M., and Abdullah, M.Z. (2021). Enhancement in cathodic redox reactions of single-chambered microbial fuel cells with castor oil-emitted powder as cathode material. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14164454"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2025.108370","article-title":"A review of the microbial fuel cell for simultaneous effluent treatment and energy generation from POME by systematically manipulating the publication metrics from a highly trusted database platform","volume":"77","author":"Rizqi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-018-1757-0","article-title":"Electrochemical performance of biocathode microbial fuel cells using petroleum-contaminated soil and hot water spring","volume":"16","author":"Zafar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1002\/gj.5199","article-title":"Sustainable Energy Generation From Organic Substrates Using Portable Microbial Fuel Cells: Enhancing Precision Agriculture in Rural Regions of Malaysia","volume":"60","author":"Memon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geol. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03159.x","article-title":"Performance and microbial diversity of palm oil mill effluent microbial fuel cell","volume":"53","author":"Jong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56198","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-26342-5","article-title":"Preparation of AuNP-CQD\/PDA\/GO anode for MFC and its treatment of oily sewage from ships","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2018.1499814","article-title":"Performance evaluation of treating oil-containing restaurant wastewater in microbial fuel cell using in situ graphene\/polyaniline modified titanium oxide anode","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131619","article-title":"Constructed sediment microbial fuel cell for treatment of fat, oil, grease (FOG) trap effluent: Role of anode and cathode chamber amendment, electrode selection, and scalability","volume":"286","author":"Lawan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133820","article-title":"Bio-electrochemical power generation in petrochemical wastewater fed microbial fuel cell","volume":"695","author":"Sarmin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-020-02864-0","article-title":"Wastewater treatment and bioelectricity production in microbial fuel cell: Salt bridge configurations","volume":"18","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130595","article-title":"Effective water\/wastewater treatment methodologies for toxic pollutants removal: Processes and applications towards sustainable development","volume":"280","author":"Saravanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.12.149","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges in sustainable treatment and resource reuse of sewage sludge: A review","volume":"337","author":"Raheem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.172","article-title":"A comprehensive review on microbial fuel cell technologies: Processes, utilization, and advanced developments in electrodes and membranes","volume":"221","author":"Palanisamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2013.10.013","article-title":"Bioethanol production: Feedstock and current technologies","volume":"2","author":"Vohra","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.10.006","article-title":"Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus algeriensis Boiss. and Reut and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils","volume":"52","author":"Nikolic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125451","article-title":"Production and beneficial impact of biochar for environmental application: A comprehensive review","volume":"337","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ucar, D., Zhang, Y., and Angelidaki, I. (2017). An overview of electron acceptors in microbial fuel cells. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00643"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-024-03016-1","article-title":"Electricity generation and real oily wastewater treatment by Pseudomonas citronellolis 620C in a microbial fuel cell: Pyocyanin production as electron shuttle","volume":"47","author":"Varnava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16139","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202516139","article-title":"Trifunctional DOPO-Engineered Polypropylene Separator With Li+-Concentrating Interfaces for High-Safety Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Extreme Conditions","volume":"13","author":"Yi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134007","article-title":"Elucidating the impacts of cobalt (II) ions on extracellular electron transfer and pollutant degradation by anodic biofilms in bioelectrochemical systems during industrial wastewater treatment","volume":"469","author":"Amanze","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.104783","article-title":"An overview of agro-industrial wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cells: Recent advancements","volume":"58","author":"Apollon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.129530","article-title":"New insights into microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) and microbial fuel cells (MFC) for simultaneous wastewater treatment and green fuel (hydrogen) generation","volume":"355","author":"Arun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.70102\/IJARES\/V5I2\/5-2-30","article-title":"Microbial fuel cells in sustainable aquatic ecosystem management for energy and pollution control","volume":"5","author":"Boymuradov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Aquat. Res. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.126330","article-title":"A novel \u03b3-Fe3O4-N-BC combined membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment: Performance and mechanism","volume":"336","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25439","article-title":"A comprehensive review of microbial fuel cells considering materials, methods, structures, and microorganisms","volume":"10","author":"Jalili","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-35848-5","article-title":"Microbial fuel cells to monitor natural attenuation around groundwater plumes","volume":"32","author":"Kirmizakis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135799","article-title":"Transformation of exogenous hexavalent chromium in soil: Factors and modelling","volume":"480","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umar, A., Mubeen, M., Ali, I., Iftikhar, Y., Sohail, M.A., Sajid, A., Kumar, A., Solanki, M.K., Divvela, P.K., and Zhou, L. (2024). Harnessing fungal bio-electricity: A promising path to a cleaner environment. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1291904"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B4265","DOI":"10.46488\/NEPT.2025.v24i03.B4265","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Hexavalent Chromium Reducing Bacteria for Application in Microbial Fuel Cells","volume":"24","author":"Anitha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1002\/er.3706","article-title":"A review on sediment microbial fuel cells as a new source of sustainable energy and heavy metal remediation: Mechanisms and future prospective","volume":"41","author":"Abbas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.2495\/EI-V3-N2-168-179","article-title":"Microbial fuel cell: An energy harvesting technique for environmental remediation","volume":"3","author":"Ancona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Impacts"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ezziat, L., Elabed, A., Ibnsouda, S., and El Abed, S. (2019). Challenges of Microbial Fuel Cell Architecture on Heavy Metal Recovery and Removal From Wastewater. Front. Energy Res., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2019.00001"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30436","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13593-3","article-title":"SMFC as a tool for the removal of hydrocarbons and metals in the marine environment: A concise research update","volume":"28","author":"Gambino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2021.23081","article-title":"Bioremediation of Pollutants and Sustainable Energy Production through Bacterial Activities in Microbial Fuel Cells: An Overview","volume":"33","author":"Kakar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Wang, H., Long, X., Xi, H., Biao, P., and Yang, W. (2022). Advance in remediated of heavy metals by soil microbial fuel cells: Mechanism and application. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.997732"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27879","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08458-5","article-title":"Facial synthesis of reduced grapheneoxide\/magnetite nanocomposite for energy generation and toxic metal bioremediation via microbial fuel cells","volume":"15","author":"Weldegrum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110314","article-title":"Simultaneous enhancement of heavy metal removal and electricity generation in soil microbial fuel cell","volume":"192","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/14\/2531\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:25:42Z","timestamp":1784780742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/14\/2531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31142531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31142531","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]}}}