{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T21:04:55Z","timestamp":1788642295061,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MIP-055\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIP-055\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["MIP-055\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIP-055\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02gs16m83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Single-needle electrospinning and needle-free electrospinning were applied to fabricate cellulose acetate (CA) fibrous mats containing rosemary (RO), clove (CL) and thyme (TH) essential oils (EO) from binary or ternary solvent mixture solutions. When an acetone, dichloromethane, and dimethylformamide mixture was used as the solvent system, cylindrical nanofibers with an average diameter between 255 and 617 nm were obtained. Removing dimethylformamide from the spinning solution resulted in flattened microfibers with significantly larger diameters, varying from 1242 to 2939 nm. Furthermore, CA nanofibers loaded with RO, CL or TH essential oils with diameter distributions ranging from 55 to 176 nm, from 69 to 215 nm and from 44 to 291 nm, respectively, were produced from ternary solvent mixture solutions using needle-free electrospinning equipment. FTIR and TGA studies revealed the incorporation of essential oils into the fiber structure, and GC-MS was used to evaluate the release of bioactive components from fibrous mats. The electrospun nanofibers of CA\/RO, CA\/CL and CA\/TH showed excellent antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, the CA\/CL fibrous mat was tested in the storage of fresh beef steaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31142533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:17:52Z","timestamp":1784647072000},"page":"2533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preparation and Properties of Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Fibers Containing Rosemary, Clove, and Thyme Essential Oils"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3828-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramune","family":"Rutkaite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9670-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesta","family":"Navikaite-Snipaitiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7638-6689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deimante","family":"Rosliuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6865-6888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Jonuskiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7248-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Matulevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Technologies, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaneta","family":"Rukuiziene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centre of Laboratories at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Str. 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4152-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asta","family":"Tamuleviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Bar\u0161ausko Str. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7627-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valdas","family":"Jakstas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liudas","family":"Ivanauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5298","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00593","article-title":"Electrospinning and electrospun nanofibers: Methods, materials, and applications","volume":"119","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. 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