{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:02:26Z","timestamp":1784800946700,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":270,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin aging is a multidimensional biological process driven by intrinsic chronological changes, exposomal stress, endocrine\u2013metabolic shifts, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammaging, oxidative injury, barrier impairment, and microbiome dysbiosis. This review integrates current evidence on the endocrine\u2013microbiome\u2013skin axis and evaluates microbiome-directed bioactive strategies for preserving cutaneous homeostasis during aging. Particular attention is given to probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, phytoestrogens, polyphenols, bioactive peptides, antioxidants, mitochondrial protectors, adaptogens, and metabolic modulators. Their mechanisms are discussed in relation to collagen homeostasis, mitochondrial function, lipid barrier integrity, immune regulation, microbial metabolite signaling, and systemic endocrine\u2013metabolic status. The review also examines advanced delivery platforms, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric nanocarriers, nanoemulsions, encapsulated microbiome-active systems, and stimuli-responsive carriers, emphasizing their potential to improve compound stability, skin retention, controlled release, and target-site precision. Translational limitations are critically addressed, including strain and formulation specificity, insufficient long-term safety data, incomplete nanocarrier toxicology, regulatory ambiguity, and the need for personalization according to hormonal, metabolic, and microbiome profiles. Overall, microbiome-directed bioactive compounds combined with precision delivery systems represent a promising, but still evolving, strategy for delaying skin aging and restoring cutaneous homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31152563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:11:26Z","timestamp":1784797886000},"page":"2563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbiome-Directed Bioactive Strategies in Skin Aging: Mechanistic Insights and Precision Nanocarrier Delivery Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6652-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"B\u0103l\u0103ceanu-Gur\u0103u","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4877-8876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina","family":"Sotiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, University Hospital Centre \u201cMother Teresa\u201d, 1000 Tirana, Albania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricija","family":"Gir\u0161taut\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Dermatovenereology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia Patricia","family":"\u0218mocot-St\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Medlife Clinic, 011364 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6660-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iulia-Alexandra","family":"Voinea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cC.I. Parhon\u201d National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea-Laura","family":"B\u0103rbulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Line Clinic, 500009 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9500-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Policlinico San Pietro, 24036 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0321","article-title":"Hallmarks of Skin Aging: Update","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naharro-Rodriguez, J., Bacci, S., Hernandez-Bule, M.L., Perez-Gonzalez, A., and Fernandez-Guarino, M. 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