{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:44:00Z","timestamp":1785426240451,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007613","name":"Ankara University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TSA-2022-2505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSA-2022-2505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["TSA-2022-2505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSA-2022-2505"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wntqw50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer remains difficult to treat, driving the search for new therapeutic agents. Juncus effusus L., a medicinal plant rich in bioactive constituents, has shown preliminary anticancer activity, yet its efficacy in hormone-responsive tumor models in vivo has not been established. We evaluated the antitumor effects of the ethyl acetate sub-extract of J. effusus L. subsp. effusus in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced rat mammary tumor model, assessing tumor burden, histopathology, and molecular markers. Thirty-six Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 6): sham, control, reference, and three groups receiving the sub-extract at 100, 200, or 400 mg\/kg. After NMU induction (50 mg\/kg), treatment began once tumor volumes reached approximately 2000 mm3 and continued for eight weeks. The 200 mg\/kg dose markedly reduced tumor volume relative to control (p &lt; 0.0001) and lowered both ER\u03b1 and PCNA expression (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.0001). The 100 and 200 mg\/kg groups also showed lower p53 and ER\u03b1 mRNA levels than the other treatment groups. HIF-1\u03b1, though elevated in control tumors, declined only modestly and without statistical significance after treatment. These results indicate that J. effusus subsp. effusus, particularly at 200 mg\/kg, suppresses proliferation and modulates ER\u03b1- and p53 expression, supporting its potential for further preclinical investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31152581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T07:36:13Z","timestamp":1784878573000},"page":"2581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antitumor Effects of Juncus effusus L. subsp. effusus in a Mammary Tumor Model: Regulation of ER\u03b1, p53, PCNA, and HIF-1\u03b1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"\u0130rem","family":"Ergin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06070, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00fcr\u015fide Ay\u015fe","family":"Demirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4201-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130pek","family":"S\u00fcntar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4358-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saadet \u00d6zen","family":"Akarca Dizakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bak\u0131r\u00e7ay University, Izmir 35665, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3980-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osman","family":"Tugay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sel\u00e7uk University, Konya 42130, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8620-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevser","family":"Taban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9008-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oytun Okan","family":"\u015eenel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06070, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"921","article-title":"Sex-steroid hormones and risk of postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: A case\u2013cohort analysis","volume":"35","author":"Albers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"524","article-title":"Breast cancer statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Giaquinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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