{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:39:09Z","timestamp":1785411549386,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U25A20167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U25A20167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82574682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82574682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82360815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["U25A20167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U25A20167"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82574682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82574682"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82360815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360815"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes","award":["ZXKT25041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXKT25041"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005329","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Qian Ke He Ji Chu-ZK[2024] Zhong Dian 049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Ji Chu-ZK[2024] Zhong Dian 049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005329","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Qian Ke He Ji Chu QNA[2025]002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Ji Chu QNA[2025]002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Excellent Young Talents Plan of Guizhou Province","award":["QKHPTRC-YQK[2023]029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKHPTRC-YQK[2023]029"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Research Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education","award":["Qian Jiao Ji[2023]066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Jiao Ji[2023]066"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Honghema is a traditional Chinese medicinal material and is also widely used by ethnic minority communities in Guizhou Province, where it is commonly known as \u201cReib ndad gunb\u201d and \u201cUab Detdend\u201d. The botanical origins were the whole plants of Laportea bulbifera (Siebold &amp; Zucc.) Wedd. (L. bulbifera) and Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis (G. diversifolia). Due to morphological similarities, Urtica mairei H. L\u00e9v. (U. mairei) was often mixed as easily confusable species in actual market circulation. However, systematic research regarding the differences in chemical composition between the two botanical origins, as well as between them and their easily confusable species remain limited. This study aimed to comprehensively characterise the chemical constituents of L. bulbifera, G. diversifolia, and U. mairei, and to identify significantly differential chemical constituents for their discrimination. Methods: Data acquisition was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Multivariate statistical analyses combined with reference standard comparison were performed to investigate the differences in chemical profiles among L. bulbifera, G. diversifolia and U. mairei, identify the key differential constituents leading to the differences, and clarify their relative abundance information. Results: A total of 133, 77, and 59 chemical constituents were identified from L. bulbifera, G. diversifolia, and U. mairei, respectively. These compounds comprised flavonoids, organic acids, carbohydrates, organonitrogen compounds, terpenoids, coumarins, lipids, steroids, and other types of compounds. Flavonoids constituted the highest proportion of the compounds in L. bulbifera, whereas organic acids were the most abundant in G. diversifolia and U. mairei. Through multivariate statistical analysis, 32 inter-group differential components between L. bulbifera and G. diversifolia, 27 between L. bulbifera and U. mairei, and 13 between G. diversifolia and U. mairei were screened and identified. The core components contributing to these differences included Baimaside, Roxburic acid, 1-Galloyl-glucose, Protocatechuic acid 3-glucoside, and Schaftoside. Venn diagram analysis revealed 20 characteristic differential constituents of L. bulbifera, mainly represented by flavonoids; 6 characteristic differential constituents of G. diversifolia, primarily comprising terpenoids and organic acids; and 4 characteristic differential constituents of U. mairei, mainly represented by carbohydrates. Conclusion: Significant differences were observed among the chemical profiles of the three plant species. The method established in this study can effectively identify the chemical compositions of Honghema and its easily confusable species, revealing the key components responsible for the variations in their chemical profiles. This study provides a basis for elucidating the material foundation of Honghema and offers an effective analytical approach and valuable reference data for distinguishing Honghema from its easily confusable species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31152614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:54:26Z","timestamp":1785153266000},"page":"2614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical Profiling and Differential Constituents Analysis of Honghema and Its Easily Confusable Species Driven by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Pattern Recognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9718-2714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congying","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"},{"name":"Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Meical Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yute","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"},{"name":"Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Meical Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 117004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area 561113, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Guiyang 550004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2074-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zipeng","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area 561113, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Guiyang 550004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 117004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"},{"name":"Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Meical Sciences, Suzhou 215105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guizhou Province (2022). Catalogue of Miao and Other Ethnic Minority Medicinal Materials in Guizhou Province."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2019). Guizhou Medical Products AdministrationQuality Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicinal Materials of Guizhou Province (2019 Edition). (Standard No. DB52\/YC129\u20132019)."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Su, Z.Q., Zhao, Z.Y., Yao, Y., and Xiang, M. (2007, January 6\u20139). Extraction and Activity Study of the Effective Fraction from Honghuoma with Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Effects. Proceedings of the 9th National Congress of the Chinese Pharmacological Society and the National Conference on Pharmacology, Wuhan, China."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"24","article-title":"Study on the Analgesic Pharmacological Effect of the Ethanol Extract from the Ethnic Medicine Laportea bulbifera","volume":"34","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Guizhou Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Yao, Y. (2008). Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism study of the Active Fraction from Honghuoma on Rheumatoid Arthritis. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Huazhong University of Science and Technology]."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Han, H.Y. (2018). Preliminary Study on the Anti-Inflammatory Material Basis and In Vivo Metabolism of Ethnic Medicine Honghuoma. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine]."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"2364","article-title":"Effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Honghema on type II collagen-induced arthritis rats based on SOCS1\/STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"255","article-title":"Effect of Honghema on synovial tissue apoptosis in CIA rat model based on mitochondrial apoptotic pathway","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.103723","article-title":"Bioassay-guided isolation of human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitory and antioxidant constituents from Laportea bulbifera: Inhibition interactions and molecular mechanism","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Experimental Study on Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Function of Dry and Fresh Aqueous Extract of Girardinia diversifolia","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Guizhou Med. Univ."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1404","article-title":"Study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic active fractions of Girardinia diversifolia","volume":"20","author":"Tao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Li-Shizhen Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, J.X., Sun, Y., Wei, Z.B., Sun, H., Li, L., Zhu, J.Y., Xia, G.Q., and Zang, H. (2023). Screening the extract of Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. based on active component content, its antioxidant capacity and exploration of hepatoprotective activity in rats. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28176256"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200070","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202200070","article-title":"Phytochemical, chemotaxonomic and bioinformatics study on Laportea bulbifera (Urticaceae)","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"67","article-title":"Analysis of chemical constituents of Honghema extract by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Form."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharan Shrestha, S., Sut, S., Ferrarese, I., Barbon Di Marco, S., Zengin, G., De Franco, M., Pant, D.R., Mahomoodally, M.F., Ferri, N., and Biancorosso, N. (2020). Himalayan nettle Girardinia diversifolia as a candidate ingredient for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications: Phytochemical analysis and in vitro bioassays. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071563"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"538","article-title":"Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Girardinia diversifolia","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Guizhou Med. Univ."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1951","article-title":"Chemical Constituents of Girardinia diversifolia","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1943","article-title":"Chemical Constituents and Quality Standard of Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-015-2457-4","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of procyanidin B1 on LPS-treated THP1 cells via interaction with the TLR4-MD-2 heterodimer and p38 MAPK and NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"407","author":"Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557521666210902162120","article-title":"Pharmacological actions and underlying mechanisms of catechin: A review","volume":"22","author":"Baranwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mini-Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-021-00827-6","article-title":"Protective effect of (+)\u2013catechin against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells through downregulation of NF-\u03baB and p38 MAPK","volume":"29","author":"Sunil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H., Liu, T., Li, J., Chen, F., Xu, J., Hu, L., Jiang, L., Xiang, Z., Wang, X., and Sheng, J. (2022). Roburic acid targets TNF to inhibit the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and suppress human colorectal cancer cell growth. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.853165"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.01.003","article-title":"Esculentoside B inhibits inflammatory response through JNK and downstream NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in LPS-triggered murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells","volume":"68","author":"Abekura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"5081","article-title":"Investigation on tastes, properties, and traditional efficacy of Mongolian medicines of genus Artemisia based on pharmacophylogeny","volume":"49","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"91","article-title":"Simultaneous Determination of Four Catechins in Laportea bulbifera by HPLC","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Form."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"4755","article-title":"Potential pharmacodynamic substances of Laportea bulbifera in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on serum pharmacochemistry and pharmacology","volume":"47","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Research progress on herbal textual research, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects of Honghema and discussion on its quality markers","volume":"45","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"214","article-title":"Research Progress of Laportea bulbifera","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Form."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Shi, Q.X. (2018). Study on the Mechanism of Anti-Hyperlipidemia Effects and its Pharmacodynamics Substantial Foundation of Laportea bulbifera. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine]."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Luo, X. (2010). Anti-Inflmatory Effect and Immune-Tolerance Mechanism of Hongmasu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"30","article-title":"Grey Correlation Degree Analysis Between Flavonoids Ingredient in Guizhou Miao Medicine Laportea bulbifera and Environmental Factors","volume":"22","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Form."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Wang, S.L. (2015). Material Basis for the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Laportea bulbifera and Its Quality Control. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Guiyang Medical University]."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Xu, L.J. (2018). Study on Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Two National Medicinal Plants. [Master\u2019s Thesis, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry]."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"405","article-title":"Differences in intestinal absorption characteristics of Laportea bulbifera extract in normal and rheumatoid arthritis model rats by isolated everted intestine model","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of 11 constituents in Laportea bulbifera of Miao medicine by UPLC-ESI-MS","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Intestinal absorption difference of Laportea bulbifera extract in rats with rheumatoid arthritis and normal rats by in situ intestinal circulating perfusion model","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"4325","article-title":"Study on quality control of Miao medicine Laportea bulbifera based on fingerprint analysis and quantitative analysis of multi-components","volume":"51","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"63","article-title":"Comparison of fresh and dried Miao medicine Honghema by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS","volume":"43","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Guizhou Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"5617","article-title":"Uptake and transport of Laportea bulbifera extract in Caco-2 cell model","volume":"47","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"3220","article-title":"Study on metabolites of Laportea bulbifera extract in rat feces based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MSE technique","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1683","article-title":"Study on Metabolism of Miao Medicine Laportea bulbifera Extract in Isolated Human Intestinal Flora","volume":"31","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Pharm."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"13","article-title":"Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Extract of Laportea bulbifera on Adriamycin\u2014induced Renal Edema in Rats","volume":"38","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hubei. Minzu. Univ. (Med. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"651","article-title":"Screening of active components of urtica dentata hand by RAW264.7 anti-inflammatory cell model and chemical constituents","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"636","article-title":"Preparation Technology of Total Coumarins from Laportea bulbifera","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Mater."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"3316","article-title":"Effect of total coumarins from Honghuoma on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice","volume":"37","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1414","article-title":"Effect of Immune-inhibitory active compound of traditional Chinese medicine on murine BM DCs","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Prelininary study on preventing effects of the active component of Honghuo ma on CIA model","volume":"26","author":"Xiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"63","article-title":"Study on HPLC Fingerprint and Determination of 5 Components in Laportea bulbifera","volume":"39","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res. Pract. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Wang, W.T. (2024). Multi-Omics Reveal the Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Laportea bulbifera. [Master\u2019s Thesis, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences]."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Feng, J.X. (2024). Research on the Chemical Constituents of Laportea bulbifera and Its Application Inantioxidant Activities. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Yanbian University]."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"773","article-title":"Chemical Constituents from Laportea bulbifera, a Zhuang Medicine","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Li, B., Lu, X., Feng, B.M., Yu, D.Y., Wang, H.G., Shi, L.Y., Yu, Z.X., and Qin, H.H. (2016, January 25\u201328). Flavonoids in Laportea bulbifera. Chinese Chemical Society. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference on Natural Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, China."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Lu, X., Zhang, Y., Feng, B.M., Yu, D.Y., and Li, B. (2016). Study on chemical constituents of Laportea bulbifera. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Academic Conference of the Chinese Chemical Society-Division 9: Organic Chemistry, Chinese Chemical Society."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"931","article-title":"Flavonoids from Laportea bulbifera and their anti-N1 neuraminidase activities","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Shenyang Pharm. Univ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, J.X., Xia, G.Q., Zhu, J.Y., Li, L., and Zang, H. (2023). Ethnomedicinal uses, geographical distribution, botanical description, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control of Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd.: A review. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202311.1259.v1"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"2059","article-title":"Fingerprints of Miao medicine Girardinia diversifolia and standard decoction and chemical pattern recognition of medicinal materials","volume":"21","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cent. South Pharm."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"711","article-title":"Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from the roots of Urtica mairei","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Shenyang Pharm. Univ."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"2071","article-title":"Study on the 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitory activity of Urtica mairei extract","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Li-Shizhen Tradit. Chin. Med."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/15\/2614\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:30:16Z","timestamp":1785299416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/15\/2614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31152614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31152614","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]}}}