{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:00:10Z","timestamp":1790017210712,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"P\u00dcRBLACK Inc. Texas","award":["1021-PUR\/X-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1021-PUR\/X-2026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work examines the utilization of the natural product shilajit resin, sourced from the Himalayas, for the extraction of diverse components suitable to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The study evaluated the extraction efficiency of Uro-A, a polar phenolic component, from shilajit samples utilizing various solvent systems, followed by the eco-friendly synthesis and characterization of AuNPs and SeNPs. The LC-MS\/MS analysis demonstrated that the methanol\/ethyl acetate (MeOH\/EA) extract was particularly effective and contained the highest concentration of Uro-A. A robust positive association was discovered between Uro-A content in shilajit and the efficiency of nanoparticle production. Sample 2, with 0.002 ppm Uro-A, produced suboptimal yields (15% for AuNPs; 34% for SeNPs), while sample 1, with 2.504 ppm Uro-A, noticeably enhanced the yields to 90% (AuNPs) and 96% (SeNPs). The synthesized AuNPs and SeNPs were characterized using SEM, EDS, PSD, ZP, XRD, FTIR, and XPS techniques, demonstrating spherical particles with an average diameter of around 100 nm. XPS spectra confirmed the elemental form of the obtained AuNPs and SeNPs. Antimicrobial studies revealed that SeNPs exhibit moderate efficacy (MIC = 0.125\u20131 mg\/mL) against bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (e.g., Penicillium italicum, Mucor mucedo), but higher in comparison to AuNPs (MIC 0.25\u20135 mg\/mL).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31152649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T17:01:46Z","timestamp":1785344506000},"page":"2649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Himalayan Asphaltum-Driven Synthesis of Gold and Selenium Nanoparticles: Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity and Urolithin Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2295-9410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nenad","family":"Jankovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kne\u017eevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nodari","family":"Rizun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00dcRBLACK Inc., 41877 Enterprise Circle N., Temecula, CA 92590, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8011-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sr\u0111an","family":"Stefanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Ka\u0107anskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lazar","family":"Rako\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vin\u010da, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovi\u0107a Alasa 12\u201314, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5410-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovana","family":"Mati\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Kne\u017eevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3828-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Balo\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi\u0107a 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5714-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marijana","family":"Kosani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovi\u0107a 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5749-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nenad","family":"Ignjatovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35\/IV, P.O. Box 377 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malik, S., Muhammad, K., and Waheed, Y. (2023). Nanotechnology: A revolution in modern industry. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020661"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoso.2024.101299","article-title":"Nano revolution: Exploring the frontiers of nanomaterials in science, technology, and society","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano-Struct. Nano-Objects"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02901-x","article-title":"Nanotechnology in healthcare, and its safety and environmental risks","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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