{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:57:38Z","timestamp":1785513458405,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Serbian Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovations","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200017"]}]},{"name":"Serbian Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovations","award":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200146"]}]},{"award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200017"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200146"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018992","name":"Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-49"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["F-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-49"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05m1y4204","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomass-derived porous carbons are promising sustainable adsorbents for wastewater treatment. However, most reported materials require chemical activation, while the relationships between biomass precursor, pore structure, adsorption mechanism, and regeneration remain insufficiently understood. In this work, non-activated carbon materials were prepared from Juglans regia (JR) and Allium sativum (AS) biomass by pyrolysis at 400 and 900 \u00b0C and evaluated for the removal of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG). Carbonization at 900 \u00b0C markedly enhanced porosity, yielding a surface area of 790 m2 g\u22121 for JR900 and 177 m2 g\u22121 for AS900, together with predominantly microporous structures and negatively charged surfaces at neutral pH. The pseudo-second-order model best described adsorption kinetics, while intraparticle diffusion analysis indicated a multistep adsorption process. Equilibrium data were well fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. JR900 exhibited the highest adsorption capacities for MB (321 mg g\u22121) and RB (304 mg g\u22121), whereas AS900 showed superior performance toward MG (278 mg g\u22121). Stable dynamic filtration, efficient regeneration, and nearly complete dye recovery demonstrate the potential of these non-activated biomass-derived carbons for sustainable dye removal and recovery from water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31152678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:02:01Z","timestamp":1785510121000},"page":"2678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Zero-Waste Conversion of Juglans regia and Allium sativum Biomass into Porous Carbons for Dye Removal and Recovery from Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2582-8619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevena","family":"Radivojevi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12\u201314, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1988-4064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Terzi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12\u201314, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6220-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Lazarevi\u0107-Pa\u0161ti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12\u201314, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1000-9784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Pa\u0161ti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12\u201316, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7390-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neboj\u0161a","family":"Potkonjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12\u201314, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksa","family":"Lukovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12\u201314, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6985-2701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmina","family":"Mu\u0161ovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12\u201314, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-9036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vedran","family":"Milankovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12\u201314, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biori.2019.09.001","article-title":"Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms","volume":"3","author":"Lellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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