{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:13:38Z","timestamp":1786115618196,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009894","name":"Lodz University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009894","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00s8fpf52","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The nutritional composition and polyphenolic profile were determined in leaf and flowering shoots of burnet species (Sanguisorba officinalis, S. officinalis \u2018Tanna\u2019, and S. menziesii), with plant material further separated into leaves and stems. The results demonstrated that these herbs are valuable sources of dietary fiber, as well as being rich in protein and essential minerals. Depending on the morphological part, dietary fiber content ranged from 37.8 to 67.7 g\/100 g, protein content from 5.3 to 19.5 g\/100 g, and ash content from 3.8 to 9.9 g\/100 g. Moreover, Sanguisorba species are particularly abundant in polyphenols (1\u201311% DM), with ellagitannins such as lambertianin C and sanguiin H-6 being the predominant constituents; in selected samples, they accounted for more than 90% of the total identified polyphenols. Due to their pleasant taste and aroma, and their dietary fiber, protein, and ellagitannin content, an attempt was made to evaluate their suitability as ingredients in food products. The results indicated that leaves are the most suitable for culinary applications into dishes such as soups and smoothies, whereas stems may serve as valuable raw material for dietary fiber- and phenolic-rich preparations. In conclusion, these findings support the promotion of edible herbs that are not only nutritious, palatable, and rich in ellagitannins, but also aesthetically valuable in garden settings and beneficial for pollinators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31152713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:08:09Z","timestamp":1785856089000},"page":"2713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional and Phytochemical Profile of Garden-Grown Sanguisorba"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9018-3028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kosmala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2\/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4732-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Milala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2\/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7091-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Karli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2\/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2\/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"987","article-title":"Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of the standardized extract of Sanguisorba minor in vivo","volume":"19","author":"Ansari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"Phytochemistry and biological properties of Sanguisorba spp.: An updated review","volume":"11","author":"Heidari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharmacogn."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lachowicz, S., Oszmia\u0144ski, J., Rapak, A., and Ochmian, I. (2020). Profile and content of phenolic compounds in leaves, flowers, roots, and stalks of Sanguisorba officinalis L. determined with the LC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS analysis and their in vitro antioxidant, anti diabetic, antiproliferative potency. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13080191"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosmala, M., Milala, J., and Karli\u0144ska, E. (2025). Ellagitannins and other polyphenols along with dietary components of the Rosaceae medicinal plants. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30234574"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"O\u017carowski, A., and Jaroniewski, W. (1987). Ro\u015bliny Lecznicze i Ich Praktyczne Zastosowanie, Instytut Wydawniczy Zwi\u0105zk\u00f3w Zawodowych."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"224","article-title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Sanguisorba officinalis L. extracts","volume":"50","author":"Bylka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Chem. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/1442-1984.12404","article-title":"Pollination mode and reproductive system of Sanguisorba minor and Sanguisorba officinalis","volume":"38","author":"Abrahamczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Species Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finimundy, C.T., Karkanis, A., Fernandes, A., Petropoulosc, S.A., Calhelha, R., Petrovi\u0107, J., Sokovi\u0107, M., Rosa, E., Barros, L., and Ferreira, I.C.F.R. (2020). Bioactive properties of Sanguisorba minor L. cultivated in central Greece under different fertilization regimes. Food Chem., 327.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127043"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.12719","article-title":"Ellagic acid, extracted from Sanguisorba officinalis, induces G1 arrest by modulating PTEN activity in B16F10 melanoma cells","volume":"24","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"201","article-title":"Anti-asthmatic effect of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and potential role of heme oxygenase-1 in an ovalbumin-induced murine asthma model","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Halarewicz, A. (2015). Atlas Zi\u00f3\u0142: Kulinarne Wykorzystanie Ro\u015blin Dziko Rosn\u0105cych, Wydawnictwo SBM."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, P., Li, J., Chen, Q., Wang, L., Yang, J., Wu, A., Jiang, N., and Liu, Y. (2021). A comprehensive review of genus Sanguisorba: Traditional uses, chemical constituents and medical applications. Front. Pharmacol., 20.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.750165"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez-Corona, A.V., Valencia-Espinosa, I., Gonz\u00e1lez-S\u00e1nchez, F.A., S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez, A.L., Garcia-Amezquita, L.E., and Garcia-Varela, R. (2022). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of phenolic compound family extracted from raspberries (Rubus idaeus): A general review. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061192"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7760","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO01835K","article-title":"Raspberry polyphenols alleviate neurodegenerative diseases: Through gut microbiota and ROS signals","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.143677","article-title":"Polyphenol-rich strawberry pomace reduces serum and liver lipids and alters gastrointestinal metabolite formation in fructose-fed rats","volume":"141","author":"Jaroslawska","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fotschki, B., Ju\u015bkiewicz, J., Jurgo\u0144ski, A., Ko\u0142odziejczyk, K., Milala, J., and Kosmala, M. (2016). Anthocyanins in strawberry polyphenolic extract enhance the beneficial effects of diets with fructooligosaccharides in the rat cecal environment. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149081"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2017.03.004","article-title":"Raspberry pomace alters cecal microbial activity and reduces secondary bile acids in rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"46","author":"Fotschki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11010079","article-title":"Structural features and biological properties of ellagitannins in some plant families of the order Myrtales","volume":"11","author":"Yoshida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10738","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04120","article-title":"Ellagitannins from strawberries with different degrees of polymerization showed different metabolism through gastrointestinal tract of rats","volume":"65","author":"Milala","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Villalba, R., Gim\u00e9nez-Bastida, J.A., Cort\u00e9s-Mart\u00edn, A., \u00c1vila G\u00e1lvez, M.\u00c1., Tom\u00e1s-Barber\u00e1n, F.A., Selma, M.V., Esp\u00edn, J.C., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Sarr\u00edas, A. (2022). Urolithins: A comprehensive update on their metabolism, bioactivity, and associated gut microbiota. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 66.","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202101019"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270418","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/270418","article-title":"Biological significance of urolithins, the gut microbial ellagic acid-derived metabolites: The evidence so far","volume":"2013","author":"Espin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.117.075200","article-title":"Phase II conjugates of urolithins isolated from human urine and potential role of \u03b2-glucuronidases in their disposition","volume":"45","author":"Piwowarski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.02.063","article-title":"Bioactive procyanidins from dietary sources: The relationship between bioactivity and polymerization degree","volume":"111","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Herrador, S., Corral-Sarasa, J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda, P., Morillas-Morota, Y., Olivieri, E., Jim\u00e9nez-S\u00e1nchez, L., and D\u00edaz-Casado, M.E. (2025). natural hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14060711"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ska, D., Starowicz, M., Wronkowska, M., and Zieli\u0144ski, H. (2025). Multifaceted biological activity of rutin, quercetin, and quercetin\u2019s glucosides. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30122555"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071990b","article-title":"Ellagitannin composition of blackberry as determined by HPLC ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS","volume":"56","author":"Hager","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponder, A., and Hallmann, E. (2019). The effects of organic and conventional farm management and harvest time on the polyphenol content in different raspberry cultivars. Food Chem., 301.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125295"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tocai, A.-C., Ranga, F., Teodorescu, A.G., Pallag, A., Vlad, A.M., Bandici, L., and Vicas, S.I. (2022). Evaluation of polyphenolic composition and antimicrobial properties of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and Sanguisorba minor Scop. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11243561"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karli\u0144ska, E., Romanowska, B., and Kosmala, M. (2021). The aerial parts of Agrimonia procera Wallr. and Agrimonia eupatoria L. as a source of polyphenols, and especially agrimoniin and flavonoids. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26247706"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karli\u0144ska, E., Kaczorowska, O., Romanowska, B., and Kosmala, M. (2022). Nutritional and polyphenolic composition of Agrimonia procera Wallr. from experimental cultivation with different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217597"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"AOAC, Horwitz, W., and Latimer, G.W. (2007). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, Association of Official Analytical Chemistry International. [18th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-013-2070-2","article-title":"Nutrient and polyphenolic composition of industrial strawberry press cake","volume":"237","author":"Klimczak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/15\/2713\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T04:14:19Z","timestamp":1785989659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/15\/2713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31152713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31152713","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}}}