{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T08:30:59Z","timestamp":1786350659119,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32501757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32501757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32501757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32501757"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China","award":["2025MS03077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025MS03077"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China","award":["2026QC0537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026QC0537"]}]},{"name":"High-Level and Outstanding Doctoral Talent Introduction Research Startup Project of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","award":["NDYB2023\u201341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2023\u201341"]}]},{"name":"High-Level and Outstanding Doctoral Talent Introduction Research Startup Project of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","award":["NDYB2025-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2025-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bamboo is a renewable and mechanically robust bio-based material with potential for sand-barrier construction; however, its long-term outdoor use is limited by ultraviolet-induced photoaging, moisture uptake, wind-sand abrasion, and biological colonization. In this study, a fluorine-free EP\/TiO2\/ODTMS superhydrophobic coating was deposited on moso bamboo using a simple spraying process. Rutile TiO2 was incorporated as a roughness-building and ultraviolet-shielding filler, waterborne epoxy resin served as a film-forming binder to improve particle anchoring and coating cohesion, and octadecyltrimethoxysilane was used to reduce the surface energy. The formulation containing 50\u2013100 nm rutile TiO2 and 2 wt.% epoxy resin provided the best overall balance between surface wettability and mechanical durability, with a water contact angle of 156.4\u00b0 and a sliding angle of 6.9\u00b0. SEM observations revealed a hierarchical surface composed of TiO2 particles and microscale agglomerates immobilized within the epoxy matrix. EDS and FTIR results supported the incorporation of TiO2- and ODTMS-derived components, while UV\u2013Vis\u2013NIR diffuse-reflectance measurements showed an improved optical response in the ultraviolet region. The coating retained superhydrophobicity after sandpaper abrasion, gravel impact, and tape-peeling tests. After 672 h of xenon-lamp aging, the coated bamboo maintained a water contact angle above 150\u00b0, exhibited a total color difference of approximately 7.65, and retained 91.1% of its initial flexural strength. In addition, qualitatively reduced visible mildew colonization was observed during 45 days of high-humidity exposure. These results demonstrate that the spray-deposited coating provides a fluorine-free and potentially scalable approach for improving the water repellency, mechanical durability, and accelerated-weathering resistance of bamboo sand-barrier materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31162773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T08:08:53Z","timestamp":1786349333000},"page":"2773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanism-Guided Spray Deposition of Rutile TiO2\/Epoxy\/ODTMS Superhydrophobic Coatings for Weather-Resistant Bamboo Sand Barriers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3589-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3000-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiwen","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Construction Eco-Environmental New Energy Co., Ltd., Nanjing 215000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) (2022). 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