{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:31:12Z","timestamp":1786509072072,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ma4wv74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive behaviors. Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to the neuro-degeneration and behavioral abnormalities associated with ASD. Bacopa monnieri (BM), a medicinal herb with potent antioxidant and neuro-protective properties, has shown promise in mitigating oxidative damage. This study evaluated the preventive effects of BM extract on behavioral and neuro-histological alterations in a valproic acid (VPA)-induced mouse model of ASD. Pregnant mice received BM extract (400 mg\/kg, orally) throughout gestation, while VPA (600 mg\/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on embryonic day 12 (E12). Behavioral assessments included the open field test, righting reflex, three-chamber social interaction, marble burying, and hot plate tests. Oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), were quantified in hippocampal and cerebellar tissues. BM-treated offspring showed significant behavioral improvements, including reduced hyperactivity in the open field test (p &lt; 0.0001), along with restored brain tissue architecture. Moreover, BM extract decreased MDA levels and elevated GSH concentrations, indicating attenuation of oxidative stress. In conclusion, Bacopa monnieri extract exerts protective effects against autism-like symptoms by enhancing antioxidant defenses and preserving neural integrity, suggesting its potential as a natural preventive strategy for ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31162783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:47:36Z","timestamp":1786366056000},"page":"2783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Effects of Prenatal Bacopa monnieri Extract Against Valproic Acid-Induced Autism-like Behavioral and Neurohistological Alterations in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Zainab M.","family":"Almalki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwaq H.","family":"Batawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6580-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Almuhammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safaa A.","family":"Alowaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suad H.","family":"Almasoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jehan","family":"Alamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3071-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona A.","family":"AL-Thepyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association. 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