{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T09:38:33Z","timestamp":1786527513886,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of Republic of Armenia","award":["25RG-3CO15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25RG-3CO15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study is the first report on the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. sampled from the Armenian flora. Essential oil (EO) and hydrosol were obtained from the aerial parts by hydrodistillation, and their chemical compositions were determined by GC\u2013MS, identifying a total of 48 volatiles. The EO was composed of 60.42% monoterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives and 18.75% sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives, while the hydrosol was composed of 75% oxygenated monoterpenes, with the remaining 20% and 5% being monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids respectively. Pulegone (21.55%) was identified as the major constituent. With regard to the non-volatile fraction, the methanolic extract displayed a total phenolic content of 1.17 \u00b1 0.03 mg GAE\/g dry weight and a total flavonoid content of 0.62 \u00b1 0.02 mg QE\/g, as well as significant antioxidant capacity, with IC50 values of 2.87 \u00b1 0.06 \u03bcg Trolox\/g dried plant sample for the DPPH\u2022 assay and 46.87 \u00b1 1.2 \u03bcmol Fe2+\/g dried plant sample for the FRAP assay. The evaluation of EO and hydrosol antimicrobial properties revealed notable antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with inhibition zones ranging from 13.5 to 20 mm. The respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.4 to 6.0 mg\/mL for the EO and from 62.5 to 400 \u03bcL\/mL for hydrosol, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 0.8 to 10.0 mg\/mL and from 125 to 800 \u03bcL\/mL, respectively. Streptococcus mutans was the most susceptible microorganism (MIC = 0.4 mg\/mL), whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant (MIC = 6.0 mg\/mL). Both the EO and hydrosol exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with inhibition zones of 13.0 \u00b1 1.2 mm and 11.0 \u00b1 0.8 mm, respectively. The MIC and MBC values were 1.0 and 2.0 mg\/mL for the EO, while the respective values for the hydrosol were 400 and 800 \u03bcL\/mL. These findings highlight the C. bulbosum plant as a promising source of bioactive compounds with significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria and moderate antifungal effects that may be associated with the high content of pulegone, a monoterpene known for its membrane-disruptive properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31162806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T09:11:36Z","timestamp":1786525896000},"page":"2806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Armenian Chaerophyllum bulbosum L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Neli","family":"Ghukasyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naira","family":"Shaboyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zueripharm AG, Suedstrasse 3, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Arutinian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshaluys","family":"Ghazaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahe","family":"Hovhannisyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayane","family":"Poghosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Hovhannisyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostandin","family":"Manukyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Ulikhanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4798-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sona","family":"Feschyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Hovsepyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lusine","family":"Danielyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific & Production Center \u201cArmbiotechnology\u201d, NAS of Armenia, 14, Gyurjyan Str., Yerevan 0056, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7762-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hrachya","family":"Hovhannisyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific & Production Center \u201cArmbiotechnology\u201d, NAS of Armenia, 14, Gyurjyan Str., Yerevan 0056, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naira","family":"Chichoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Yerevan State Medical University, 2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5841-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serkos","family":"Haroutounian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology & Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.31989\/ffhd.v14i11.1489","article-title":"Elemental analysis and ecological safety assessment of nutritive herb Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. cultivated and wild growing in the South-Caucasian flora","volume":"14","author":"Ulikhanyan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Funct. 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