{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:33:56Z","timestamp":1790051636553,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22578238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22578238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["22578238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22578238"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, five levulinic acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were evaluated for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa. The relationship between DES composition, intermolecular interactions, and extraction performance was investigated by combining extraction experiments with spectroscopic characterization and quantum chemical calculations. The levulinic acid\u2013ethylene glycol system at a 1:2 molar ratio exhibited the best performance, achieving an extraction yield of 99.9 mg\u00b7g\u22121. FTIR and 1H NMR analyses characterized the interactions within the DES, while SEM observations indicated structural disruption of the turmeric matrix after ultrasound treatment. Molecular analyses suggested that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions contributed to the association between the DES and curcuminoids. These results provide molecular insights into the extraction process and a basis for designing greener solvent systems for curcuminoid extraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31162818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T11:33:46Z","timestamp":1786620826000},"page":"2818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Curcumin Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Molecular Insights into the Extraction Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuli","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peizhe","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129624","article-title":"NADES-based surfactant-free microemulsions for solubilization and extraction of curcumin from Curcuma longa","volume":"355","author":"Huber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133530","article-title":"Enhanced extraction of bioactive natural products using ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase system: Application to flavonoids extraction from jujube peels","volume":"395","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.109166","article-title":"Chemical stability of Curcuma longa extract stored in hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent and polymers emulsion","volume":"146","author":"Coelho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.05.048","article-title":"Trends in advanced oral drug delivery system for curcumin: A systematic review","volume":"348","author":"Dilokthornsakul","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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