{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:13:21Z","timestamp":1792102401637,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\/57\/B\/ST5\/01462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\/57\/B\/ST5\/01462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025\/57\/B\/ST5\/01462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\/57\/B\/ST5\/01462"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ha2q922","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AGH University of Krakow"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00bas1c41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CO2 methanation is a promising power-to-gas technology that enables the conversion of carbon dioxide into methane. However, the development of efficient catalysts based on naturally abundant and inexpensive support remains an important challenge. In this work, metakaolin from natural kaolin was investigated as a novel support for high-loading (30 wt.%) Ni catalysts prepared using a melt infiltration method. The influence of CeO2 and alkaline earth metal oxides (MgO, CaO) on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance was systematically evaluated. It was evidenced that CeO2 improved NiO reducibility, whereas MgO and CaO promoted Ni0 dispersion and modified textural and surface properties. In particular, Mg addition increased the SBET from 23 to 39 m2\/g and the total pore volume from 0.06 to 0.17 cm3\/g compared with the Ni-MK sample. The promoted catalysts exhibited enhanced low-temperature activity and reached approximately 80% CO2 conversion at 400 \u00b0C, close to thermodynamic equilibrium, maintaining CH4 selectivity above 97%. Stable catalytic performance was preserved during 24 h time-on-stream tests. The results demonstrate that metakaolin is a promising sustainable support for Ni CO2 methanation catalysts and that melt infiltration provides a simple and effective preparation route for obtaining high nickel loading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31162847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:12:56Z","timestamp":1786713176000},"page":"2847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tailoring the Structure and Surface Chemistry of High-Loading Ni-Metakaolin Catalysts Prepared by Melt Infiltration for CO2 Methanation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3782-8763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szymaszek-Wawryca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8438-3508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Szymaszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7666-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Kosydar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Duraczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6769-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Motak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22775-6","article-title":"Globalization and Renewable Energy Use: How Are They Contributing to Upsurge the CO2 Emissions? A Global Perspective","volume":"30","author":"Rehman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149471","article-title":"Optimizing Low-Temperature CO2 Methanation through Frustrated Lewis Pairs on Ni\/CeO2 Catalysts","volume":"484","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. 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