{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:06Z","timestamp":1787029146068,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CF-2023-G-1566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-G-1566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CF-2023-G-1566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-G-1566"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although plant-derived bioactive compounds are promising sustainable alternatives to synthetic herbicides, their environmental fate and transformation behavior remain poorly understood. This study evaluates the physicochemical stability and solar-driven transformation of phenolic and other complex phytochemical constituents in Larrea tridentata hydroalcoholic extracts (AELT) in aqueous media. Spectroscopic and thermal characterization (TGA\/DTG, FTIR, 1H\/13C NMR, and GC\u2013MS) revealed a chemically complex phytochemical matrix containing aromatic, phenolic, terpenoid, fatty-acid-derived and other oxygenated constituents, which exhibit a characteristic absorption maximum at 280 nm. Solar-driven oxidation experiments were conducted using TiO2, ZnO, and H2O2. Among the evaluated systems, Solar\/ZnO emerged as the most efficient standalone treatment, achieving 89.43% chromophore removal and 88.56% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) after 60 min. The findings demonstrate a clear relationship between the phenolic and other complex phytochemical constituents\u2019 nature of the extract and its high susceptibility to ZnO-assisted solar photocatalysis, which effectively transforms UV-absorbing constituents and reduces the oxidizable organic load. This work establishes a robust framework for assessing the solar treatment of complex phytochemical matrices, supporting the potential application of ZnO-assisted processes for mitigating the organic load of plant-derived formulations in water bodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31162861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:04:36Z","timestamp":1786961076000},"page":"2861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physicochemical Characterization and Solar-Driven Chromophore Removal of Hydroalcoholic Larrea tridentata Extracts in Aqueous Media"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7840-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Quiroz-Cardoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Avanzados SC (CIMAV), Av. Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9982-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Pantoja-Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Avanzados SC (CIMAV), Av. Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"B\u00e9jar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Avanzados SC (CIMAV), Av. Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9947-8439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Espinoza-Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, University Circuit S\/N, Campus UACH II, Chihuahua 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9516-0087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma. Rosario","family":"Peralta-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, University Circuit S\/N, Campus UACH II, Chihuahua 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9486-7072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Avanzados SC (CIMAV), Av. Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3764-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Paraguay-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Avanzados SC (CIMAV), Av. 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