{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T08:27:01Z","timestamp":1787128021405,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101006873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101006873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Pbmb190\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pbmb190\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Pbmb190\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pbmb190\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dwvd537","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Industrial hemp is a chemically rich plant increasingly explored within sustainable production systems aimed at the full utilization of all plant fractions. While hemp inflorescences have been extensively investigated, the biological potential of seed-depleted infructescences remains largely underexplored. This study compared essential oils (EOs) distilled from inflorescences and seed-depleted infructescences of hemp (Cannabis sativa L. cv. Futura 75). Their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS), and their cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility, effects on blood coagulation, and antibacterial activity against a panel of 11 Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and microaerophilic bacterial strains were evaluated. The major EO constituents included \u03b1-Pinene, (E)-Caryophyllene, Myrcene, \u03b1-Humulene, Caryophyllene oxide, and Cannabidiol. EOs obtained from seed-depleted infructescences exhibited distinct chemical profiles, low cytotoxicity toward BJ human skin fibroblasts, minimal haemolytic activity, no significant effects on blood coagulation, and, in most cases, stronger antibacterial activity than inflorescence-derived EOs. Particularly high activity was observed against skin- and oral-associated bacteria, including Cutibacterium acnes and Streptococcus species. These findings demonstrate that seed-depleted infructescences represent underutilized post-harvest biomass and a valuable and sustainable source of biologically active EOs, supporting their further investigation for potential pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and oral healthcare applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31162886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T07:58:23Z","timestamp":1787126303000},"page":"2886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Essential Oils from Seed-Depleted Infructescences of Industrial Hemp: Chemical Diversity and Biological Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1448-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Sugier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Nurzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chod\u017aki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0353-123X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Miazga-Karska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chod\u017aki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danuta","family":"Sugier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3063-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Jaros-Tsoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"\u015awistak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9861-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Jaroszuk-\u015acise\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria-Curie Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaco","family":"Vangronsveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"},{"name":"Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Buidling D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Plak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Soil Science and Geoinformation, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, al. Kra\u015bnicka 2D, 20-718 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adesina, I., Bhowmik, A., Sharma, H., and Shahbazi, A. (2020). A review on the current state of knowledge of growing conditions, agronomic soil health practices and utilities of hemp in the United States. Agriculture, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture10040129"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naeem, M.Y., Corbo, F., Crupi, P., and Clodoveo, M.L. (2023). 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