{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T04:20:06Z","timestamp":1787545206390,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":469,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lupins have been cultivated since ancient times. Poland ranks second in the world in terms of lupin cultivation area (second only to Australia), particularly for narrow-leaved lupin. It is used in various industries. The purpose of this review is to analyze data on the chemical composition of narrow-leaved lupin in comparison with other species of this genus, as well as to identify its potential applications. The literature data characterize narrow-leaved lupin in terms of its content of protein, lectins, fat, carotenoids, phytosterols, fiber, sugars, alkaloids, vitamins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, volatile organic compounds, and micro- and macronutrients. Due to its interesting qualitative and quantitative composition, this species may play a significant role in human nutrition\u2014not only as an alternative source of protein, but above all as a source of health-promoting compounds. Studies conducted on humans and animals have demonstrated a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering effects. In addition, in vitro studies suggest anticancer effects. Among the tangible outcomes of research and commercialization efforts is the availability on the consumer market of food and cosmetic products containing lupin. Due to its properties, this species has a wide range of applications. However, to meet the requirements of various industrial sectors, a collaborative approach is necessary among plant breeders, scientists, and industry representatives working to improve this species. Only through joint efforts can the use of narrow-leaved lupin be expanded.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31162918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:05:19Z","timestamp":1787241919000},"page":"2918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Application of Lupinus angustifolius in Cosmetics and Food Industry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7054-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Jakobina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 24a, 50-363 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0102-1335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Galek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 24a, 50-363 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Preisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 24a, 50-363 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kettel, K.F., Tuck, B., Payne, W.A., Chen, C., Machado, S., and Karow, R.S. (2003). Narrow-Leaf Lupin, Oregon State University Extension Service."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Fallowing, Crop Rotation, and Crop Yields in Roman Times","volume":"44","author":"White","year":"1970","journal-title":"Agric. Hist."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloothooft, M., Cremers, P., G\u00fcven, S., Stoutjesdijk, S.J., Jiron, M., Wessel, M., and Van Der Heyden, M.A.G. (2025). Lupin Poisoning: A Review. Front. Toxicol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2025.1547535"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"155","article-title":"Domestication and Breeding Improvement of Narrow-Leaved Lupin (L. angustifolius L.)","volume":"36","author":"Swiecicki","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u015awi\u0119cicki, W., Kroc, M., and Kamel, K.A. (2015). Lupins. Grain Legumes, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2797-5_6"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.18699\/VJ20.656","article-title":"Alkaloids of Narrow-Leaved Lupine as a Factor Determining Alternative Ways of the Crop\u2019s Utilization and Breeding","volume":"24","author":"Vishnyakova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vavilov J. Genet. Breed."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, R.A.C. (2023). Host Resistance to Virus Diseases Provides a Key Enabler towards Fast Tracking Gains in Grain Lupin Breeding. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12132521"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ksi\u0105\u017ckiewicz, M., Rychel-Bielska, S., Plewi\u0144ski, P., Nuc, M., Irzykowski, W., J\u0119dryczka, M., and Krajewski, P. (2021). The Resistance of Narrow-Leafed Lupin to Diaporthe Toxica Is Based on the Rapid Activation of Defense Response Genes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020574"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rychel-Bielska, S., Plewi\u0144ski, P., Kozak, B., Galek, R., and Ksi\u0105\u017ckiewicz, M. (2020). Photoperiod and Vernalization Control of Flowering-Related Genes: A Case Study of the Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.572135"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14094","article-title":"The Loss of Vernalization Requirement in Narrow-Leafed Lupin Is Associated with a Deletion in the Promoter and de-Repressed Expression of a Flowering Locus T (FT) Homologue","volume":"213","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.13076","article-title":"Changing Water Use and Adaptive Strategies along Rainfall Gradients in Mediterranean Lupins","volume":"22","author":"Berger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Cowling, W.A., Buirchell, B.J., and Tapia N\u00fa\u00f1ez, M.E. (1998). Lupin, Lupinus L., IPGRI."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Gladstones, J.S. (1974). Lupins of the Mediterranean Region and Africa."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2026, May 01). Powierzchnie Upraw w Gminach, Available online: https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/arimr\/rejestr-upraw-pb."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2026, April 24). FAOSTAT. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QCL."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarecki, W., and Migut, D. (2022). Comparison of Yield and Important Seed Quality Traits of Selected Legume Species. Agronomy, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12112667"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meneses Quelal, O., and Pulles, M.B. (2025). Nutritional, Functional and Microbiological Potential of Andean Lupinus Mutabilis and Amaranthus spp. in the Development of Healthy Foods\u2014A Review. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202505.1672.v1"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes, M., and Bleakley, S. (2018). Peptides from Plants and Their Applications. Peptide Applications in Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100736-5.00025-9"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102129","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/102129","article-title":"Biologically Active and Antimicrobial Peptides from Plants","volume":"2015","author":"Salas","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2168-9296.1000141","article-title":"Signaling Peptides in Plants","volume":"3","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"89","article-title":"Regulatory Peptides in Plants","volume":"82","author":"Vanyushin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"e1475175","article-title":"Plant Peptides in Plant Defense Responses","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144204","article-title":"Peptide Hormones in Plants","volume":"57","author":"Matsubayashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7652.2007.00315.x","article-title":"Plant Peptides and Peptidomics","volume":"6","author":"Farrokhi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, S., Carreira, A., Freitas, R., Pinheiro, A.M., and Ferreira, R.B. (2015). A Nontoxic Polypeptide Oligomer with a Fungicide Potency under Agricultural Conditions Which Is Equal or Greater than That of Their Chemical Counterparts. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122095"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez-Lopez, J.C., Melser, S., DeBoer, K., Thatcher, L.F., Kamphuis, L.G., Foley, R.C., and Singh, K.B. (2016). Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) B1- and B6-Conglutin Proteins Exhibit Antifungal Activity, Protecting Plants against Necrotrophic Pathogen Induced Damage from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora nicotianae. Front. Plant Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01856"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.09.016","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species in Cell Wall Metabolism and Development in Plants","volume":"112","author":"Kuchitsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foley, R.C., Gao, L.-L., Spriggs, A., Soo, L.Y., Goggin, D.E., Smith, P.M., Atkins, C.A., and Singh, K.B. (2011). Identification and Characterisation of Seed Storage Protein Transcripts from Lupinus angustifolius. BMC Plant Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-11-59"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos-S\u00e1nchez, G., Ponce-Espa\u00f1a, E., L\u00f3pez, J.C., \u00c1lvarez-S\u00e1nchez, N., \u00c1lvarez-L\u00f3pez, A.I., Pedroche, J., Mill\u00e1n, F., Mill\u00e1n-Linares, M.C., Lardone, P.J., and Bejarano, I. (2022). A Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Protein Hydrolysate Exerts Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Western Diet-Fed ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179828"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.04.021","article-title":"Gamma-Conglutin Peptides from Andean Lupin Legume (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) Enhanced Glucose Uptake and Reduced Gluconeogenesis in Vitro","volume":"45","author":"Fornasini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1002\/leg3.33","article-title":"Narrow-leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) B-conglutin: A Multifunctional Family of Proteins with Roles in Plant Defence, Human Health Benefits, and Potential Uses as Functional Food","volume":"2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Legume Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"139","article-title":"Characterization of the Differential IgE-Binding Features of Lupinus angustifolius Recombinant Major Allergen (Lup An 1) for Potential Uses in \u201cSweet Lupin\u201d Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy","volume":"72","author":"Foley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.10.015","article-title":"Characterization of Narrow-Leaf Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Recombinant Major Allergen IgE-Binding Proteins and the Natural \u03b2-Conglutin Counterparts in Sweet Lupin Seed Species","volume":"244","author":"Foley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-023-09875-y","article-title":"Antioxidant Peptides from Plants: A Review","volume":"23","author":"Lopes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.07.016","article-title":"GPETAFLR: A New Anti-Inflammatory Peptide from Lupinus angustifolius L. Protein Hydrolysate","volume":"18","author":"Pedroche","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0523.2010.01832.x","article-title":"Seed Protein Amino Acid Composition of Important Local Grain Legumes Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L., Pisum Sativum L. and Vicia Faba L.","volume":"130","author":"Schumacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Breed."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(01)00285-0","article-title":"Lupinus angustifolius Protein Isolates: Chemical Composition, Functional Properties and Protein Characterization","volume":"76","author":"Lqari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kishor, P.B.K., Suravajhala, R., Rajasheker, G., Marka, N., Shridhar, K.K., Dhulala, D., Scinthia, K.P., Divya, K., Doma, M., and Edupuganti, S. (2020). Lysine, Lysine-Rich, Serine, and Serine-Rich Proteins: Link Between Metabolism, Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Role of NcRNAs in Their Regulation. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.546213"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Q., Joshi, M., DiPiazza, J., and Joshi, V. (2020). Functional Relevance of Citrulline in the Vegetative Tissues of Watermelon During Abiotic Stresses. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00512"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfosea-Sim\u00f3n, M., Sim\u00f3n-Grao, S., Zavala-Gonzalez, E.A., C\u00e1mara-Zapata, J.M., Sim\u00f3n, I., Mart\u00ednez-Nicol\u00e1s, J.J., Lid\u00f3n, V., and Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez, F. (2021). Physiological, Nutritional and Metabolomic Responses of Tomato Plants After the Foliar Application of Amino Acids Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid and Alanine. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.581234"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1402","article-title":"The Role and Importance of Amino Acids within Plants: A Review","volume":"19","author":"Baqir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Arch."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcad071","article-title":"The Roles of Functional Amino Acids in Plant Growth and Development","volume":"64","author":"Kawade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"E648","article-title":"Essential Amino Acids and Muscle Protein Recovery from Resistance Exercise","volume":"283","author":"Tipton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dietzen, D.J. (2018). Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Principles and Applications of Molecular Diagnostics, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816061-9.00013-8"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12401","article-title":"Dietary Amino Acids and the Gut-Microbiome-Immune Axis: Physiological Metabolism and Therapeutic Prospects","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(98)00087-4","article-title":"Nonessential Amino Acids Are Not Necessary to Stimulate Net Muscle Protein Synthesis in Healthy Volunteers","volume":"10","author":"Tipton","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1005-3","article-title":"Content of Minerals and Fatty Acids and Their Correlation with Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Leguminous Seeds","volume":"180","author":"Grela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"h3978","article-title":"Intake of Saturated and Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of All Cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies","volume":"351","author":"Mente","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.13080\/z-a.2016.103.014","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Seeds of Lupinus luteus L., L. angustifolius L. and New Hybrid Lines of L. angustifolius L.","volume":"103","author":"Bartkiene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zemdirb. Agric."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-020-00722-8","article-title":"Proximate Composition, Lipid and Phenolic Profiles, and Antioxidant Activity of Different Ecotypes of Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus and Lupinus angustifolius","volume":"15","author":"Ferchichi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Charact."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"192","article-title":"Composition, Environmental Stability and Potential of Genetic Improvement of Fatty Acids of Lupinus Angustifolius","volume":"88","author":"Beyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2022.104945","article-title":"Comprehensive Characteristic of Lipid Fraction as a Distinguishing Factor of Three Lupin Seed Species","volume":"115","author":"Siger","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12643","article-title":"Comparison of Nutritional and Antinutritional Traits among Different Species (Lupinus albus L., Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.) and Varieties of Lupin Seeds","volume":"101","author":"Musco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.138","article-title":"Understanding the Diversity of Membrane Lipid Composition","volume":"19","author":"Harayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2013.12.021","article-title":"The Effect of Natural and Synthetic Fatty Acids on Membrane Structure, Microdomain Organization, Cellular Functions and Human Health","volume":"1838","author":"Ibarguren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.87.4.904","article-title":"The Effect of Temperature on the Level and Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Diacylglycerols of Brassica Napus Leaves","volume":"87","author":"Williams","year":"1988","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falcone, D.L., Ogas, J.P., and Somerville, C.R. (2004). Regulation of Membrane Fatty Acid Composition by Temperature in Mutants of Arabidopsis with Alterations in Membrane Lipid Composition. BMC Plant Biol., 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-4-17"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(94)90022-1","article-title":"Environmental Factors Which Can Alter Lipid Metabolism","volume":"33","author":"Harwood","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2011.04.008","article-title":"The Role of Lipids in Photosystem II","volume":"1817","author":"Mizusawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batsale, M., Bahammou, D., Fouillen, L., Mongrand, S., Joub\u00e8s, J., and Domergue, F. (2021). Biosynthesis and Functions of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Responses of Plants to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061284"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-008-9639-z","article-title":"Fatty Acid Unsaturation, Mobilization, and Regulation in the Response of Plants to Stress","volume":"30","author":"Upchurch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(02)02250-1","article-title":"Fatty Acid-Derived Signals in Plants","volume":"7","author":"Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S229691","article-title":"Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Associated Inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.10.010","article-title":"A Systematic Review of the Effect of Dietary Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fat on Heart Disease","volume":"27","author":"Clifton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2016.1154056","article-title":"Functional Properties and Fatty Acids Profile of Different Beans Varieties","volume":"30","author":"Rando","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800227","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201800227","article-title":"Effects of Aromatic Herb Flavoring on Carotenoids and Volatile Compounds in Edible Oil from Blue Sweet Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)","volume":"120","author":"Multari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2023.105511","article-title":"The Effect of the Genotype-Environment Interaction on the Concentration of Carotenoids, Tocochromanol, and Phenolic Compounds in Seeds of Lupinus angustifolius Breeding Lines","volume":"123","author":"Siger","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebregziabher, B.S., Zhang, S., Ghosh, S., Shaibu, A.S., Azam, M., Abdelghany, A.M., Qi, J., Agyenim-Boateng, K.G., Htway, H.T.P., and Feng, Y. (2022). Origin, Maturity Group and Seed Coat Color Influence Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Concentrations in Soybean Seeds. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11070848"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859617000363","article-title":"Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Underlying Lutein Content in Soybean Seeds across Multiple Environments","volume":"155","author":"Teng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.051997el","article-title":"Plastids Unleashed: Their Development and Their Integration in Plant Development","volume":"49","author":"Pyke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2010.02.003","article-title":"Source to Sink: Regulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Plants","volume":"15","author":"Cazzonelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12386","article-title":"Carotenoid Oxidation Products as Stress Signals in Plants","volume":"79","author":"Havaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssp088","article-title":"Chloroplast Proteomics and the Compartmentation of Plastidial Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Pathways","volume":"2","author":"Joyard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/sss129","article-title":"Long-Distance Signaling in Bypass1 Mutants: Bioassay Development Reveals the Bps Signal to Be a Metabolite","volume":"6","author":"Adhikari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2010.00902.x","article-title":"BYPASS1: How a Tiny Mutant Tells a Big Story about Root-to-Shoot Signaling","volume":"52","author":"Sieburth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5535","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115982109","article-title":"Carotenoid Oxidation Products Are Stress Signals That Mediate Gene Responses to Singlet Oxygen in Plants","volume":"109","author":"Ramel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2014.12.007","article-title":"Carotenoid Metabolism in Plants","volume":"8","author":"Nisar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandmann, G. (2019). Antioxidant Protection from UV- and Light-Stress Related to Carotenoid Structures. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8070219"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1987.tb09240.x","article-title":"The Light-harvesting and Protective Functions of Carotenoids in Photosynthetic Membranes","volume":"69","year":"1987","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uarrota, V.G., Stefen, D.L.V., Leolato, L.S., Gindri, D.M., and Nerling, D. (2018). Revisiting Carotenoids and Their Role in Plant Stress Responses: From Biosynthesis to Plant Signaling Mechanisms during Stress. Antioxidants and Antioxidant Enzymes in Higher Plants, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75088-0_10"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.07.060","article-title":"Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activities of Carotenoids and Their Oxidation Products","volume":"120","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zulfiqar, S., Sharif, S., Saeed, M., and Tahir, A. (2021). Role of Carotenoids in Photosynthesis. Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46459-2_5"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120310","article-title":"The Role of Animal Pollination in Plant Speciation: Integrating Ecology, Geography, and Genetics","volume":"40","author":"Kay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2013.07.002","article-title":"Chromoplast Biogenesis and Carotenoid Accumulation","volume":"539","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03498.x","article-title":"The Molecular Basis for Venation Patterning of Pigmentation and Its Effect on Pollinator Attraction in Flowers of Antirrhinum","volume":"189","author":"Shang","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(02)00779-7","article-title":"Structures of Tobiraxanthins A1, A2, A3, B, C and D, New Carotenoids from the Seeds of Pittosporum tobira","volume":"43","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14302","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32604-x","article-title":"The Evolution of Fruit Colour: Phylogeny, Abiotic Factors and the Role of Mutualists","volume":"8","author":"Valenta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rzajew, J., Radzik, T., and Rebas, E. (2020). Calcium-Involved Action of Phytochemicals: Carotenoids and Monoterpenes in the Brain. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041428"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557519666190311095655","article-title":"Bioactive Compounds from Seaweed with Anti-Leukemic Activity: A Mini-Review on Carotenoids and Phlorotannins","volume":"20","author":"Almeida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mini-Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1362630","article-title":"Lycopene and Tomato and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Evidence","volume":"59","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.09.011","article-title":"Cancer Prevention by Carotenoids","volume":"483","author":"Nishino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021206826750","article-title":"Carotenoids in Cancer Chemoprevention","volume":"21","author":"Nishino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong, X., Draper, C., Allison, G., Marisiddaiah, R., and Rubin, L. (2017). Effects of the Macular Carotenoid Lutein in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox6040100"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.4997","article-title":"Lutein + Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"309","author":"Chew","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2017.05.005","article-title":"From Neuro-Pigments to Neural Efficiency: The Relationship between Retinal Carotenoids and Behavioral and Neuroelectric Indices of Cognitive Control in Childhood","volume":"118","author":"Walk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-011-9692-1","article-title":"Antiviral Compounds Obtained from Microalgae Commonly Used as Carotenoid Sources","volume":"24","author":"Santoyo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.12.008","article-title":"Dietary Intake of Carotenoids and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Sluijs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6020466","article-title":"Potential Role of Carotenoids as Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease","volume":"6","author":"Fiedor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-020-00244-2","article-title":"Carotenoids: Potent to Prevent Diseases Review","volume":"10","author":"Bhatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Bioprospect."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13299","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13299","article-title":"Cactus and Lupin Extracts as Prospective Anticancer Agents Compared with Utoral Drug","volume":"44","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2017.06.002","article-title":"Emerging Roles for Conjugated Sterols in Plants","volume":"67","author":"Ferrer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, Y., Fu, X., Chu, Y., Wu, P., Liu, Y., Ma, L., Tian, H., and Zhu, B. (2022). Biosynthesis and the Roles of Plant Sterols in Development and Stress Responses. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042332"},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"17947","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential and Safety of Phytosterols in Contemporary Clinical Practice","volume":"77","year":"2025","journal-title":"Przegl\u0105d Lek. Jagiellonian Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c10375","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Beneficial Effects of Phytosterols on Glycolipid Metabolism and Related Mechanisms","volume":"73","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.044","article-title":"Composition, Properties and Health Benefits of Indigestible Carbohydrate Polymers as Dietary Fiber: A Review","volume":"61","author":"Mudgil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2011.06.012","article-title":"Lignin Variability in Plant Cell Walls: Contribution of New Models","volume":"181","author":"Neutelings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/69618\/1996","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Carbohydrate Content of Seeds from Several Lupin Species","volume":"5","author":"Gdala","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2278","article-title":"Changes in Chemical Composition of Lupin Seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) after Selective \u03b1-Galactoside Extraction","volume":"85","author":"Torres","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5809","DOI":"10.1021\/jf040471v","article-title":"Compositional Variations for \u03b1-Galactosides in Different Species of Leguminosae, Brassicaceae, and Barley: A Chemotaxonomic Study Based on Chemometrics and High-Performance Capillary Electrophoresis","volume":"53","author":"Andersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.161240","article-title":"Plant Cell Walls","volume":"154","author":"Keegstra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malinovsky, F.G., Fangel, J.U., and Willats, W.G.T. (2014). The Role of the Cell Wall in Plant Immunity. Front. Plant Sci., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00178"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010423","article-title":"Cell Walls at the Plant Surface Behave Mechanically Like Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials","volume":"127","author":"Kerstens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1746","article-title":"Growth of the Plant Cell Wall","volume":"6","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jha, R., Fouhse, J.M., Tiwari, U.P., Li, L., and Willing, B.P. (2019). Dietary Fiber and Intestinal Health of Monogastric Animals. Front. Vet. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00048"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00576-0","article-title":"Dietary Fiber in Poultry Nutrition and Their Effects on Nutrient Utilization, Performance, Gut Health, and on the Environment: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Jha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252322000081","article-title":"Dietary Fiber and Its Role in Performance, Welfare, and Health of Pigs","volume":"23","author":"Saliu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.08.0351","article-title":"Dietary Fiber Aids in the Management of Canine and Feline Gastrointestinal Disease","volume":"260","author":"Moreno","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00189.x","article-title":"Health Benefits of Dietary Fiber","volume":"67","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.028415","article-title":"Fiber Intake and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort","volume":"96","author":"Chuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.040808","article-title":"Dietary Fiber and Mortality: Convincing Observations That Call for Mechanistic Investigations","volume":"96","author":"Landberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barber, T.M., Kabisch, S., Pfeiffer, A.F.H., and Weickert, M.O. (2020). The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103209"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/149656\/2022","article-title":"The Content of Raffinose Oligosaccharides in Legumes and Their Importance for Animals","volume":"31","author":"Gulewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701326243","article-title":"Alpha-Galactosides: Antinutritional Factors or Functional Ingredients?","volume":"48","author":"Frias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"897","article-title":"Reduction of Flatus Sugars: An Approach towards Nutritional Enhancement","volume":"3","author":"Sanyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biot. Res. Today"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(00)01652-6","article-title":"Inositol Signaling and Plant Growth","volume":"5","author":"Stevenson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7412.2001.01227.x","article-title":"Important Roles of Drought- and Cold-Inducible Genes for Galactinol Synthase in Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana","volume":"29","author":"Taji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.6738","article-title":"The Contribution of Carbohydrates Including Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides and Sugar Alcohols to Protection of Plant Cells from Oxidative Damage","volume":"3","author":"Yabuta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ende, W. (2013). Van den Multifunctional Fructans and Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides. Front. Plant Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00247"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandler, O., and Hopf, H. (1982). Oligosaccharides Based on Sucrose (Sucrosyl Oligosaccharides). Plant Carbohydrates I, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-68275-9_8"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12053","article-title":"Physiological Aspects of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides in Plants: Protection against Abiotic Stress","volume":"16","author":"ElSayed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elango, D., Rajendran, K., Van der Laan, L., Sebastiar, S., Raigne, J., Thaiparambil, N.A., El Haddad, N., Raja, B., Wang, W., and Ferela, A. (2022). Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides: Friend or Foe for Human and Plant Health?. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.829118"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1997-0662.ch008","article-title":"\u03b1-Galactosides of Sucrose in Foods: Composition, Flatulence-Causing Effects, and Removal","volume":"662","author":"Naczk","year":"1997","journal-title":"ACS Symp. Ser."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwad015","article-title":"The Potential Role of Nondigestible Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides as Prebiotics","volume":"33","author":"Kanwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2024.106600","article-title":"Evaluation of Alkaloid Levels in Commercial and Wild Genotypes of Narrow-Leafed Lupin","volume":"135","author":"Khedr","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6107","DOI":"10.1021\/jf901232c","article-title":"Changes in Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius Alkaloid Profiles in Response to Mechanical Damage","volume":"57","author":"Chludil","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-006-9055-8","article-title":"Alkaloid Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of Lupinus angustifolius L. Alkaloid Extract","volume":"6","author":"Erdemoglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valente, I.M., Sousa, C., Almeida, M., Miranda, C., Pinheiro, V., Garcia-Santos, S., Ferreira, L.M.M., Guedes, C.M., Maia, M.R.G., and Cabrita, A.R.J. (2023). Insights from the Yield, Protein Production, and Detailed Alkaloid Composition of White (Lupinus albus), Narrow-Leafed (Lupinus angustifolius), and Yellow (Lupinus luteus) Lupin Cultivars in the Mediterranean Region. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1231777"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-015-0278-7","article-title":"Quantitative and Qualitative Content of Alkaloids in Seeds of a Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Collection","volume":"63","author":"Kamel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madelou, N.A., Melliou, E., and Magiatis, P. (2024). Quantitation of Lupinus spp. Quinolizidine Alkaloids by QNMR and Accelerated Debittering with a Resin-Based Protocol. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29030582"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amirifar, A., Hemati, A., Asgari Lajayer, B., Pandey, J., and Astatkie, T. (2022). Impact of Various Environmental Factors on the Biosynthesis of Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants. Environmental Challenges and Medicinal Plants: Sustainable Production Solutions Under Adverse Conditions, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-92050-0_9"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, A.H., Abdelrahman, M., and El-Sayed, M.A. (2019). Alkaloid Role in Plant Defense Response to Growth and Stress. Bioactive Molecules in Plant Defense, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27165-7_9"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9214","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c02546","article-title":"Quinolizidine Alkaloids with Antitomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Insecticidal Activities from the Seeds of Thermopsis lanceolata R. Br","volume":"70","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-6664.2002.00055.x","article-title":"Allelopathy of Buckwheat: Assessment of Allelopathic Potential of Extract of Aerial Parts of Buckwheat and Identification of Fagomine and Other Related Alkaloids as Allelochemicals","volume":"2","author":"Iqbal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Weed Biol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00303957","article-title":"Plant Breeding: Importance of Plant Secondary Metabolites for Protection against Pathogens and Herbivores","volume":"75","author":"Wink","year":"1988","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00397339","article-title":"Inhibition of Seed Germination by Quinolizidine Alkaloids","volume":"158","author":"Wink","year":"1983","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01027.x","article-title":"Ecological Context Influences Pollinator Deterrence by Alkaloids in Floral Nectar","volume":"10","author":"Gegear","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(00)00090-9","article-title":"Transfer of Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Hosts to Hemiparasites in Two Castilleja\u2013Lupinus Associations: Analysis of Floral and Vegetative Tissues","volume":"29","author":"Adler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15015","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06032","article-title":"Quinolizidine Alkaloids with Antiviral and Insecticidal Activities from the Seeds of Sophora Tonkinensis Gagnep","volume":"68","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9070","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45654-6","article-title":"Lupin (Lupinus spp.) Seeds Exert Anthelmintic Activity Associated with Their Alkaloid Content","volume":"9","author":"Dubois","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-023-01295-0","article-title":"Alkaloids in Food: A Review of Toxicity, Analytical Methods, Occurrence and Risk Assessments","volume":"32","author":"Akinboye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romeo, F., Fabroni, S., Ballistreri, G., Muccilli, S., Spina, A., and Rapisarda, P. (2018). Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Alkaloid Extracts from Seeds of Different Genotypes of Lupinus spp.. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10030788"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27862","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c02179","article-title":"Quinolizidine-Type Alkaloids: Chemodiversity, Occurrence, and Bioactivity","volume":"8","author":"Kato","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boschin, G., and Resta, D. (2025). Alkaloids Derived from Lysine: Quinolizidine Alkaloids, a Focus on Lupin Alkaloids. Natural Products, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36202-6_11-1"},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"50","article-title":"Phytochemical and in Silico Study on Lupinus Subcarnosus Hook, Its Effect on Neuronal A4\u03b22 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (NAChRs) and the Major Alkaloids","volume":"1","author":"Mohamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Octahedron Drug Res."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569241","DOI":"10.1080\/24734306.2025.2569241","article-title":"Anticholinergic Toxicity from Lupin Bean Consumption: A Case Series","volume":"9","author":"Barmo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.01.124","article-title":"Legumes Are Valuable Sources of Tocopherols","volume":"127","author":"Boschin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"6","article-title":"Determination of Protein, Vitamins, Amino Acids and Mineral Element Content of Yenice and P\u0131narl\u0131 Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Genotypes","volume":"1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk. J. Food Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.12.024","article-title":"Vitamins B in Grain and Cereal\u2013Grain Food, Soy-Products and Seeds","volume":"95","author":"Szefer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2019.08.006","article-title":"Vitamin E in Plants: Biosynthesis, Transport, and Function","volume":"24","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2006.00640.x","article-title":"Progress in Manipulating Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Plants","volume":"126","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2003.10.006","article-title":"Structural Biology of Enzymes of the Thiamin Biosynthesis Pathway","volume":"13","author":"Settembre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2006.00607.x","article-title":"Biosynthesis of Vitamin B 2 in Plants","volume":"126","author":"Fischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.081463","article-title":"Biosynthesis of Ascorbic Acid in Legume Root Nodules","volume":"141","author":"Matamoros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_164","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health Benefits of Micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) and Their Associated Deficiency Diseases: A Systematic Review","volume":"3","author":"Awuchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_165","first-page":"2488","article-title":"Medicinal plants: The medical, food, and nutritional biochemistry and uses","volume":"5","author":"Godswill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Acad. Res. Sci."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Kumar, S., and Mohapatra, T. (2021). Interaction Between Macro- and Micro-Nutrients in Plants. Front. Plant Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.665583"},{"key":"ref_167","first-page":"200","article-title":"The Importance of Mineral Elements for Humans, Domestic Animals and Plants: A Review","volume":"4","author":"Soetan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawkesford, M.J., Cakmak, I., Coskun, D., De Kok, L.J., Lambers, H., Schjoerring, J.K., and White, P.J. (2023). Functions of Macronutrients. Marschner\u2019s Mineral Nutrition of Plants, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819773-8.00019-8"},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"349","article-title":"Role of Beneficial Elements in Plants: Implications for the Photosynthetic Process","volume":"59","author":"Ceccanti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"ref_170","first-page":"951","article-title":"Effects of Plant Density, Rhizobium Inoculation and Microelements on Nodulation, Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)","volume":"3","author":"Bejandi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieder, R., Benbi, D.K., and Reichl, F.X. (2018). Microelements and Their Role in Human Health. Soil Components and Human Health, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-1222-2"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2005.07.013","article-title":"Relevance, Essentiality and Toxicity of Trace Elements in Human Health","volume":"26","author":"Fraga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Combs, G.F. (2013). Geological Impacts on Nutrition. Essentials of Medical Geology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4375-5_8"},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"197","article-title":"Role of Macronutrients in Plant Growth and Acclimation: Recent Advances and Future Prospective","volume":"2","author":"Dubey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Improv. Crops Era Clim. Changes"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1071\/FP22012","article-title":"Overview of the Roles of Calcium Sensors in Plants\u2019 Response to Osmotic Stress Signalling","volume":"49","author":"Ketehouli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Funct. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha, D., and Tandon, P.K. (2020). An Overview of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium: Key Players of Nutrition Process in Plants. Sustainable Solutions for Elemental Deficiency and Excess in Crop Plants, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-8636-1_5"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-6621.2022.00003.2","article-title":"Calcium as a Boon or Bane for Athlete: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Chauhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Res. Mark."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.03.002","article-title":"Magnesium Balance and Measurement","volume":"25","author":"Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.11.034","article-title":"Review of Dried Fruits: Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Efficacies, and Health Benefits","volume":"21","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemin.2023.100076","article-title":"Overview of the Vital Roles of Macro Minerals in the Human Body","volume":"4","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Miner."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)81531-9","article-title":"Isoflavones from Lupinus angustifolius Root","volume":"26","author":"Lane","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.04.051","article-title":"Germination as a Process to Increase the Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Lupin Seeds (Lupinus angustifolius L.)","volume":"117","author":"Estrella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023877422403","article-title":"Profiling of Flavonoid Conjugates in Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius Responding to Biotic and Abiotic Stimuli","volume":"29","author":"Bednarek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.07.152","article-title":"European Marketable Grain Legume Seeds: Further Insight into Phenolic Compounds Profiles","volume":"215","author":"Taveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2011.10.002","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content in Three Lupin Species","volume":"25","author":"Siger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.09.061","article-title":"Characterization of Polyphenols in Australian Sweet Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Seed Coat by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"116","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2017.10.014","article-title":"Comparative Phytochemical Profiling of Different Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Genotypes Using GC\u2013MS","volume":"25","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2012.07.014","article-title":"Flavonoids as Antioxidants in Plants: Location and Functional Significance","volume":"196","author":"Agati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.113.233528","article-title":"Ethylene-Induced Flavonol Accumulation in Guard Cells Suppresses Reactive Oxygen Species and Moderates Stomatal Aperture","volume":"164","author":"Watkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.01986.x","article-title":"Chloroplast-located Flavonoids Can Scavenge Singlet Oxygen","volume":"174","author":"Agati","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13380","article-title":"Isoprenoids and Phenylpropanoids Are Part of the Antioxidant Defense Orchestrated Daily by Drought-Stressed Platanus \u00d7 Acerifolia Plants during Mediterranean Summers","volume":"207","author":"Tattini","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.11.014","article-title":"The Antioxidant and Free-Radical Scavenging Activities of Extract and Fractions from Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) and Related Flavone Glycosides","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shomali, A., Das, S., Arif, N., Sarraf, M., Zahra, N., Yadav, V., Aliniaeifard, S., Chauhan, D.K., and Hasanuzzaman, M. (2022). Diverse Physiological Roles of Flavonoids in Plant Environmental Stress Responses and Tolerance. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11223158"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01420-x","article-title":"Multifaceted Roles of Flavonoids Mediating Plant-Microbe Interactions","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, A., and Smith, D.L. (2020). Flavonoids in Agriculture: Chemistry and Roles in, Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses, and Microbial Associations. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10081209"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, A., Munir, S., Badshah, S.L., Khan, N., Ghani, L., Poulson, B.G., Emwas, A.H., and Jaremko, M. (2020). Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225243"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00f6lscher, D., Buerkert, A., and Schneider, B. (2016). Phenylphenalenones Accumulate in Plant Tissues of Two Banana Cultivars in Response to Herbivory by the Banana Weevil and Banana Stem Weevil. Plants, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants5030034"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathesius, U. (2018). Flavonoid Functions in Plants and Their Interactions with Other Organisms. Plants, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants7020030"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, M.C., Pinto, D.C.G.A., and Silva, A.M.S. (2021). Plant Flavonoids: Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activity. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175377"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5445291","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5445291","article-title":"Flavonoids a Bioactive Compound from Medicinal Plants and Its Therapeutic Applications","volume":"2022","author":"Roy","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forni, C., Rossi, M., Borromeo, I., Feriotto, G., Platamone, G., Tabolacci, C., Mischiati, C., and Beninati, S. (2021). Flavonoids: A Myth or a Reality for Cancer Therapy?. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26123583"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2174\/1570178618666210707161025","article-title":"The Importance of Flavonoids and Phytochemicals of Medicinal Plants with Antiviral Activities","volume":"19","author":"Shahrajabian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mini. Rev. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cium\u0103rnean, L., Milaciu, M.V., Runcan, O., Vesa, \u0218.C., R\u0103chi\u0219an, A.L., Negrean, V., Pern\u00e9, M.-G., Donca, V.I., Alexescu, T.-G., and Para, I. (2020). The Effects of Flavonoids in Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184320"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100749","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100749","article-title":"Plant Natural Flavonoids Against Multidrug Resistant Pathogens","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_205","first-page":"97","article-title":"The Role of Phenolic Compounds in Plant Resistance","volume":"80","author":"Kulbat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2013.05.009","article-title":"Plant Phenolics: Recent Advances on Their Biosynthesis, Genetics, and Ecophysiology","volume":"72","author":"Cheynier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2021.110561","article-title":"Biosynthesis Regulation of Folates and Phenols in Plants","volume":"291","author":"Wojciechowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.5.4.10871","article-title":"Phenolic Acids Act as Signaling Molecules in Plant-Microbe Symbioses","volume":"5","author":"Mandal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra, D., Dutta, W., Jha, G., and Ray, P. (2023). Interactions and Regulatory Functions of Phenolics in Soil-Plant-Climate Nexus. Agronomy, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13020280"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, S., Kaur, I., and Kariyat, R. (2021). The Multifunctional Roles of Polyphenols in Plant-Herbivore Interactions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031442"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rempe, C.S., Burris, K.P., Lenaghan, S.C., and Stewart, C.N. (2017). The Potential of Systems Biology to Discover Antibacterial Mechanisms of Plant Phenolics. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00422"},{"key":"ref_212","first-page":"1131412","article-title":"Phenolic Compounds: Natural Alternative in Inflammation Treatment. A Review","volume":"2","author":"Heredia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dzia\u0142o, M., Mierziak, J., Korzun, U., Preisner, M., Szopa, J., and Kulma, A. (2016). The Potential of Plant Phenolics in Prevention and Therapy of Skin Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020160"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, T., Aires, A., Cosme, F., Bacelar, E., Morais, M.C., Oliveira, I., Ferreira-Cardoso, J., Anjos, R., Vilela, A., and Gon\u00e7alves, B. (2021). Bioactive (Poly)Phenols, Volatile Compounds from Vegetables, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10010106"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niedzwiecki, A., Roomi, M.W., Kalinovsky, T., and Rath, M. (2016). Anticancer Efficacy of Polyphenols and Their Combinations. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8090552"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2019.e00370","article-title":"Phenolic Acids: Natural Versatile Molecules with Promising Therapeutic Applications","volume":"24","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cosme, P., Rodr\u00edguez, A.B., Espino, J., and Garrido, M. (2020). Plant Phenolics: Bioavailability as a Key Determinant of Their Potential Health-Promoting Applications. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121263"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264074","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1264074","article-title":"Regulation of Immune Function by Polyphenols","volume":"2018","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abotaleb, M., Liskova, A., Kubatka, P., and B\u00fcsselberg, D. (2020). Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids in the Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020221"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00112-7","article-title":"Triterpene Glycosides of Lupinus angustifolius","volume":"60","author":"Woldemichael","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3739","article-title":"Characterisation of Odour-active Compounds in Lupin Flour","volume":"89","author":"Bader","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-015-2605-9","article-title":"Odour-Active Volatiles in Lupin Kernel Fibre Preparations (Lupinus angustifolius L.): Effects of Thermal Lipoxygenase Inactivation","volume":"242","author":"Stephany","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_223","first-page":"515","article-title":"The Characterization of Volatile Compounds Belonging to Some Lupin Genotypes by SPME GC-MS Method","volume":"37","author":"Sezer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Selcuk J. Agric. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.03.009","article-title":"Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Preparative Scale Obtention of Mangiferin and Lupeol from Mango Peels (Mangifera Indica L.)","volume":"159","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_13_21","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis of Triterpene Lupeol and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of Traditional Pain-Relieving Medicinal Plants Derris scandens, Albizia procera, and Diospyros rhodocalyx","volume":"12","author":"Somwong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41342-6_7","article-title":"Lupeol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases","volume":"929","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.04.033","article-title":"Lupeol, a Novel Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Dietary Triterpene","volume":"285","author":"Saleem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105373","article-title":"Lupeol and Its Derivatives as Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Efficacy","volume":"164","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2005.07.006","article-title":"Cretaceous Angiosperm Flowers: Innovation and Evolution in Plant Reproduction","volume":"232","author":"Friis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2009.04.001","article-title":"Protective Perfumes: The Role of Vegetative Volatiles in Plant Defense against Herbivores","volume":"12","author":"Unsicker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13213","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906365106","article-title":"Restoring a Maize Root Signal That Attracts Insect-Killing Nematodes to Control a Major Pest","volume":"106","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugimoto, K., Matsui, K., and Takabayashi, J. (2016). Uptake and Conversion of Volatile Compounds in Plant\u2013Plant Communication. Deciphering Chemical Language of Plant Communication, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-33498-1_13"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erab528","article-title":"Volatile Compounds\u2014The Language of All Kingdoms?","volume":"73","author":"Vlot","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Tian, L., Han, X., and Yang, Y. (2021). Research Advances in Allelopathy of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Plants. Horticulturae, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae7090278"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2011.04001.x","article-title":"The Major Volatile Organic Compound Emitted from Arabidopsis Thaliana Flowers, the Sesquiterpene (E)-\u03b2-caryophyllene, Is a Defense against a Bacterial Pathogen","volume":"193","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118446","article-title":"Volatile Signaling in Plant-Plant Interactions: \u201cTalking Trees\u201d in the Genomics Era","volume":"311","author":"Baldwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/07352680600899973","article-title":"Plant Volatiles: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Dudareva","year":"2006","journal-title":"CRC. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.158","article-title":"A Unified Mechanism of Action for Volatile Isoprenoids in Plant Abiotic Stress","volume":"5","author":"Vickers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12145","article-title":"Biosynthesis, Function and Metabolic Engineering of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds","volume":"198","author":"Dudareva","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5403","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv219","article-title":"Volatile Organic Compounds as Non-Invasive Markers for Plant Phenotyping","volume":"66","author":"Niederbacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korzeniowska, M.H., \u0141yczko, J., and Cano Lamadrid, M. (2024). Processing Effects on Food Sensory Attributes. Sensory Science Applications for Food Production, IGI Global Scientific Publishing.","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-2121-8.ch012"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141yczko, J., Godyla-Jab\u0142o\u0144ski, M., Pachura, N., Adamenko, K., Klemens, M., and Szumny, A. (2023). Natural Appetite Control: Consumer Perception of Food-Based Appetite Regulating Aromas. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132996"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karolkowski, A., Guichard, E., Briand, L., and Salles, C. (2021). Volatile Compounds in Pulses: A Review. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10123140"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03431.x","article-title":"The Inhibitory Effect of Essential Oils on Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Replication In Vitro","volume":"47","author":"Minami","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4517971","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4517971","article-title":"Commercial Essential Oils as Potential Antimicrobials to Treat Skin Diseases","volume":"2017","author":"Orchard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0268","article-title":"The Antimicrobial Activity of High-Necrodane and Other Lavender Oils on Methicillin-Sensitive and -Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA and MRSA)","volume":"15","author":"Roller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.2174\/157340611797928488","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Thyme and Lavender Essential Oils","volume":"7","author":"Sienkiewicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(02)00095-9","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Plant Essential Oils on the Growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp. and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis","volume":"22","author":"Daferera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wi\u0144ska, K., M\u0105czka, W., \u0141yczko, J., Grabarczyk, M., Czubaszek, A., and Szumny, A. (2019). Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents\u2014Myth or Real Alternative?. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24112130"},{"key":"ref_250","unstructured":"Mazumder, K., Chinkwo, K., Farahnaky, A., and Kerr, P. (2018). The Potential of Lupin as a Functional Food for the Prevention of Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer. 68th Australasian Grain Science Conference, AGSA."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2014.5392","article-title":"Anti-Carcinogenic Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Root and Shoot of Lupinus angustifolius on Breast Carcinoma Cell Lines MCF-7 and BT20","volume":"9","author":"Stapel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazumder, K., Aktar, A., Ramasamy, S., Biswas, B., Kerr, P.G., and Blanchard, C. (2023). Attenuating Colorectal Cancer Using Nine Cultivars of Australian Lupin Seeds: Apoptosis Induction Triggered by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Caspases-3\/7 Activation. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12212557"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051648","article-title":"Lupin Kernel Fibre Foods Improve Bowel Function and Beneficially Modify Some Putative Faecal Risk Factors for Colon Cancer in Men","volume":"95","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1021\/acsfoodscitech.4c00900","article-title":"Hazard Identification of Food-Relevant Lupine Alkaloids Focusing on In Vitro Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity","volume":"5","author":"Schreiber","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Escudero-Feliu, J., Garc\u00eda-Costela, M., Moreno-SanJuan, S., Puentes-Pardo, J.D., Arrabal, S.R., Gonz\u00e1lez-Novoa, P., N\u00fa\u00f1ez, M.I., Carazo, \u00c1., Jimenez-Lopez, J.C., and Le\u00f3n, J. (2023). Narrow Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) \u03b2-Conglutin Seed Proteins as a New Natural Cytotoxic Agents against Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030523"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.186858","article-title":"The Formation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Is Positively Associated with the Blood Lipid\u2013Lowering Effect of Lupin Kernel Fiber in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Adults","volume":"144","author":"Fechner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.03.008","article-title":"Consuming a Mixed Diet Enriched with Lupin Protein Beneficially Affects Plasma Lipids in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"34","author":"Fechner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-107","article-title":"Lupin Protein Positively Affects Plasma LDL Cholesterol and LDL:HDL Cholesterol Ratio in Hypercholesterolemic Adults after Four Weeks of Supplementation: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Study","volume":"12","author":"Fechner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zange, J., Schopen, K., Albracht, K., Gerlach, D.A., Frings-Meuthen, P., Maffiuletti, N.A., Bloch, W., and Rittweger, J. (2017). Using the Hephaistos Orthotic Device to Study Countermeasure Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Dietary Lupin Protein Supplementation, a Randomised Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171562"},{"key":"ref_260","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Evaluation of the Consumption of Lupins in Brine on Metabolic Markers in Healthy Individuals, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06595082?term=lupin&rank=3."},{"key":"ref_261","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). The Role of Whey and Lupin in Glycemic Control (Nutritional Pre-Study), Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02413671?term=lupin&rank=6%20dost%C4%99p."},{"key":"ref_262","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Safety and Efficacy of a Drink Containing Lupine Protein Hydrolysates on the Immune, Oxidative and Metabolic Status, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02590887?term=lupin&rank=9."},{"key":"ref_263","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Bioavailability of Protein and Amino Acids from Oilseeds in Healthy Volunteers, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04024605?term=lupin&rank=8%20dost%C4%99p."},{"key":"ref_264","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Intervention with Legume Kernel Fibre in Healthy Subjects, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT01036308?term=lupin&rank=10."},{"key":"ref_265","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupine Allergy in Children, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06918249?term=lupin&rank=4%20dost%C4%99p."},{"key":"ref_266","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Prevalence of Food Allergies to Proteins from Different Legumes, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT01728168?term=lupin&page=2&rank=12."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.24","article-title":"Skin prick test reactivity to lupin in comparison to peanut, pea, and soybean in atopic and non-atopic German subjects: A preliminary cross-sectional study","volume":"2","author":"Fechner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_268","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Improving Diagnosis of Legume Allergy in Children, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06995950?term=lupin&page=2&rank=16."},{"key":"ref_269","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Fenugreek: An Emergent Allergen, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06257797?term=lupin&page=4&rank=33."},{"key":"ref_270","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). The Bioavailability of Multiple Novel, Sustainable, Non-Animal Derived Protein Sources, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04297137?term=lupin&page=2&rank=14."},{"key":"ref_271","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Health Impacts of Sustainable Ingredient Selection in the Food and Drink Industry\u2014Alternative Protein Study, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT01898351?term=lupin&page=2&rank=17."},{"key":"ref_272","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Effect of Protein Source During Ketogenic Weight Loss Intervention, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06461806?term=lupin&page=2&rank=19."},{"key":"ref_273","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Meta-Analyses of the Effect of Legumes on Blood Pressure, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02600338?term=lupin&page=3&rank=23."},{"key":"ref_274","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Effects of Traditional Greek Meals on Glycemic Responses, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04831268?term=lupin&page=3&rank=26."},{"key":"ref_275","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Effect of a New Optimized Plant Ingredient on the Plant Protein of Seniors at Cardio-Metabolic Risk, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06933589?term=lupin&page=3&rank=27."},{"key":"ref_276","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). A Comparison of a PULSE Diet and the TLC Diet on Reproductive, Metabolic Parameters in Women with PCOS, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05428566?term=lupin&page=5&rank=45."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.61873\/YBCS9028","article-title":"Lutein in Chronic Diseases: A Mini Review","volume":"38","author":"Trapali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156185","article-title":"Lutein, a Versatile Carotenoid: Insight on Neuroprotective Potential and Recent Advances","volume":"135","author":"Jayakanthan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, J., Cheng, J., Xiong, R., Chen, H., Huang, S., Li, H., Pang, J., Zhang, X., and Zhu, H. (2024). Effects and Mechanisms of Lutein on Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13091114"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-024-00579-z","article-title":"An Overview on the Effects of Some Carotenoids on Health: Lutein and Zeaxanthin","volume":"13","author":"Sanlier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108585","article-title":"Lupine Protein Hydrolysates Decrease the Inflammatory Response and Improve the Oxidative Status in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes","volume":"126","author":"Yust","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100139","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100139","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of a Beverage Containing Lupine Protein Hydrolysates on the Immune, Oxidative and Lipid Status in Healthy Subjects: An Intervention Study (the Lupine-1 Trial)","volume":"65","author":"Pedroche","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos-S\u00e1nchez, G., Cruz-Chamorro, I., \u00c1lvarez-R\u00edos, A.I., Fern\u00e1ndez-Santos, J.M., V\u00e1zquez-Rom\u00e1n, M.V., Rodr\u00edguez-Ortiz, B., \u00c1lvarez-S\u00e1nchez, N., \u00c1lvarez-L\u00f3pez, A.I., Mill\u00e1n-Linares, M.D.C., and Mill\u00e1n, F. (2021). Lupinus angustifolius Protein Hydrolysates Reduce Abdominal Adiposity and Ameliorate Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Western Diet Fed-ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 Mice. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081222"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8243","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c00809","article-title":"Bioactive Peptides from Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Prevent the Early Stages of Atherosclerosis in Western Diet-Fed ApoE\u2013\/\u2013 Mice","volume":"70","author":"Pedroche","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.05.069","article-title":"GPETAFLR, a Novel Bioactive Peptide from Lupinus angustifolius L. Protein Hydrolysate, Reduces Osteoclastogenesis","volume":"47","author":"Yust","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03847H","article-title":"A Lupinus angustifolius Protein Hydrolysate Exerts Hypocholesterolemic Effects in Western Diet-Fed ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 Mice through the Modulation of LDLR and PCSK9 Pathways","volume":"13","author":"Bollati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2020.1763058","article-title":"GPETAFLR, a Peptide from Lupinus angustifolius L. Prevents Inflammation in Microglial Cells and Confers Neuroprotection in Brain","volume":"25","author":"Toscano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600819","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600819","article-title":"Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) \u03b2-Conglutin Proteins Modulate the Insulin Signaling Pathway as Potential Type 2 Diabetes Treatment and Inflammatory-Related Disease Amelioration","volume":"61","author":"Alche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.02.009","article-title":"Investigations on the Hypocholesterolaemic Activity of LILPKHSDAD and LTFPGSAED, Two Peptides from Lupin \u03b2-Conglutin: Focus on LDLR and PCSK9 Pathways","volume":"32","author":"Zanoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7638542","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7638542","article-title":"Germinated and Ungerminated Seeds Extract from Two Lupinus Species: Biological Compounds Characterization and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations","volume":"2016","author":"Andor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/food.200390068","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of Lupin Seeds Extracts","volume":"47","author":"Siger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nahr. Food"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.10.015","article-title":"Lupin Seed Hydrolysate Promotes G-Protein-Coupled Receptor, Intracellular Ca2+ and Enhanced Glycolytic Metabolism-Mediated Insulin Secretion from BRIN-BD11 Pancreatic Beta Cells","volume":"480","author":"Tapadia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500129-JLR200","article-title":"Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Dietary Blue Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in Intact and Ileorectal Anastomosed Pigs","volume":"46","author":"Martins","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1515\/fv-2016-0004","article-title":"The Effect of Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Supplementation on Adaptation of Ewes after Short Transport Stress","volume":"60","author":"Veterinaria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Folia Vet."},{"key":"ref_295","unstructured":"Escudero-Feli\u00fa, J., Le\u00f3n, J., Jim\u00e9nez-L\u00f3pez, J.C., N\u00fa\u00f1ez, M.I., Carazo-Gallego, A., Lima Cabello, E., Puentes-Pardo, J.D., and Moreno San-Juan, S. (2025). Uso de Prote\u00ednas Conglutinas \u03b2 Como Agentes Radiosensibilizadores. (ES3018016 A1)."},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.07.039","article-title":"Effects of a Lupin Protein Concentrate on Lipids, Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance in Moderately Dyslipidaemic Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"37","author":"Pavanello","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-101","article-title":"Effects of Legume Kernel Fibres and Citrus Fibre on Putative Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Crossover Human Intervention Trial","volume":"12","author":"Fechner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581814554774","article-title":"Safety Assessment of Animal- and Plant-Derived Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics","volume":"33","author":"Burnett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1177\/10915818221100700","article-title":"Safety Assessment of Plant-Derived Proteins and Peptides as Used in Cosmetics","volume":"41","author":"Burnett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14703","article-title":"High Global Antioxidant Protection and Stimulation of the Collagen Synthesis of New Anti-Aging Product Containing an Optimized Active Mix","volume":"21","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.05.020","article-title":"Bitter and Sweet Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Seeds and Seed Oils: A Comparison Study of Their Compositions and Physicochemical Properties","volume":"49","author":"Sbihi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08364.x","article-title":"Repair of Photoaged Dermal Matrix by Topical Application of a Cosmetic \u2018Antiageing\u2019 Product","volume":"158","author":"Watson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_303","unstructured":"Emina, N., Gyenge, B., Hettwer, S., Breitenbach, S., Suter, B., and Obermayer-Rahn, B. (2026, August 03). Sustainable Power Food for Your Skin. Available online: https:\/\/www.rahn-group.com\/documentHub\/4fed32a2-970c-4727-a5f3-12d7467efdeb."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.104056","article-title":"Nanoemulgel Formulation for Topical Delivery of Plant Glucosylceramide: Characterization and Optimization","volume":"79","author":"Adem","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51S","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581817740569","article-title":"Safety Assessment of Plant-Derived Fatty Acid Oils","volume":"36","author":"Burnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_306","unstructured":"Power, J., and Ponti Sales, D. (2026, August 03). Supported and Joint Vegf Peptides to Treat Skin Diseases. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/ES2375360T3\/en?q=(%22Lupine+Amino+Acids%22+cosmetics)&amp;oq=%22Lupine+Amino+Acids%22+cosmetics."},{"key":"ref_307","unstructured":"(2009). Synergistic Combination of Silk Proteins. (Google Patents AU2003280329B2), Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/AU2003280329B2\/en?q=(%22lupine+amino+acids%22+cosmetics)&oq=%22lupine+amino+acids%22+cosmetics."},{"key":"ref_308","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). Novel Use of Protein Hydrolysates. Google Patents EP1339379B1. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/EP1339379B1\/en?q=(%22lupine+amino+acids%22+cosmetics)&oq=%22lupine+amino+acids%22+cosmetics."},{"key":"ref_309","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). Process of Treating Damaged Hair. Google Patents EP2419077B1. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/EP2419077B1\/en?q=(%22LUPINUS+ALBUS+OIL+UNSAPONIFIABLES%22+cosmetics)&oq=%22LUPINUS+ALBUS+OIL+UNSAPONIFIABLES%22+cosmetics."},{"key":"ref_310","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). Personal Care Compositions and Methods for Using Such Compositions. Google Patents EP3439624B1. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/EP3439624B1\/en?q=(%22LUPINUS+ALBUS+OIL+UNSAPONIFIABLES%22+cosmetics)."},{"key":"ref_311","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). Compounds Useful for the Treatment and\/or Care of the Skin, Hair, Nails and\/or Mucous Membranes. Google Patents AU2017368136B2. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/AU2017368136B2\/en?q=(LUPINUS+ALBUS+PROTEIN)&oq=LUPINUS+ALBUS+PROTEIN."},{"key":"ref_312","unstructured":"(2018). Skin-Exterior Anti-Ageing Composition and Production Method Therefor. (Google Patents EP2939657B1), Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/EP2939657B1\/en?q=(LUPINUS+ALBUS+PROTEIN)&oq=LUPINUS+ALBUS+PROTEIN."},{"key":"ref_313","unstructured":"(2024). Pharmaceutical Compositions. (Google Patents US12178900B2), Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US12178900B2\/en?q=(%22LUPINUS+ALBUS+SEED+OIL%22)&oq=%22LUPINUS+ALBUS+SEED+OIL%22."},{"key":"ref_314","unstructured":"(2010). Formu\u0142y Absorbuj\u0105ce Promieniowanie UV. (Google Patents US20100111884A1), Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US20100111884A1\/en?q=(%22LUPINUS+ALBUS+SEED+OIL%22)&oq=%22LUPINUS+ALBUS+SEED+OIL%22."},{"key":"ref_315","unstructured":"(2024). Skincare Compositions and Methods of Use Thereof. (Google Patents US20240099955A1), Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US20240099955A1\/en?q=(%22LUPINUS+ALBUS+SEED+OIL%22)&oq=%22LUPINUS+ALBUS+SEED+OIL%22."},{"key":"ref_316","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). Use of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Skin Care. Google Patents US20090068255A1. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US20090068255A1\/en?q=(%22LUPINUS+SUBCARNOSUS+SYMBIOSOME++EXTRACT%22)&oq=%22LUPINUS+SUBCARNOSUS+SYMBIOSOME++EXTRACT%22."},{"key":"ref_317","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). Methods and Compositions for Skin Care. Google Patents WO2008070368A2. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/WO2008070368A2\/en?q=(%22LUPINUS+SUBCARNOSUS+SYMBIOSOME++EXTRACT%22)&oq=%22LUPINUS+SUBCARNOSUS+SYMBIOSOME++EXTRACT%22."},{"key":"ref_318","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). Personal Care Compositions Containing Ionic Silicone and Film-Forming Agent. Google Patents KR102030429B1. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/KR102030429B1\/en?q=(%22LUPINUS+TEXENSIS+SEED+EXTRACT%22)&oq=%22LUPINUS+TEXENSIS+SEED+EXTRACT%22."},{"key":"ref_319","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). Personal Care Compositions Comprising Silahydrocarbons. Google Patents WO2022221354A1. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/WO2022221354A1\/en?q=(%22LUPINUS+TEXENSIS+SEED+EXTRACT%22)&oq=%22LUPINUS+TEXENSIS+SEED+EXTRACT%22."},{"key":"ref_320","unstructured":"(2026, July 16). Compounds for the Treatment and\/or Care of the Skin and\/or Mucous Membranes and Their Use in Cosmetic or Pharmaceutical Compositions. Google Patents US9725483B2. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US9725483B2\/en?q=(%22HYDROLYZED+LUPINE+PROTEIN%22)&oq=%22HYDROLYZED+LUPINE+PROTEIN%22."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2024.101477","article-title":"The Use, Reuse and Valorization of Lupin and Its Industry by-Products for Dermocosmetics Applications","volume":"38","author":"Caramona","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_322","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupine Amino Acids. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/8423\/lupine-amino-acids\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw#pll_switcher."},{"key":"ref_323","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupinus albus Oil Unsaponifiables. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/8424\/lupinus-albus-oil-unsaponifiables\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_324","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupinus albus Protein. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/8425\/lupinus-albus-protein\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_325","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupinus albus Seed Extract. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/8426\/lupinus-albus-seed-extract\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_326","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupinus albus Seed Oil. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/8427\/lupinus-albus-seed-oil\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_327","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupinus luteus Seed Extract. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/8428\/lupinus-luteus-seed-extract\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_328","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupinus Subcarnosus Symbiosome Extract. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/8429\/lupinus-subcarnosus-symbiosome-extract\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_329","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupinus Texensis Seed Extract. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/8430\/lupinus-texensis-seed-extract\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_330","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Chlorella Vulgaris\/Lupinus albus Protein Ferment. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/18754\/chlorella-vulgaris-lupinus-albus-protein-ferment\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_331","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/6897\/hydrolyzed-lupine-protein\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_332","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein Octenylsuccinate. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/18819\/hydrolyzed-lupine-protein-octenylsuccinate\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_333","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Hydrolyzed Lupine Seed Extract. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/6899\/hydrolyzed-lupine-seed-extract\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_334","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Hydrolyzed Lupinus albus Flower Extract. Available online: https:\/\/cosmileeurope.eu\/pl\/inci\/szczegoly\/6900\/hydrolyzed-lupinus-albus-flower-extract\/?_gl=1*12av822*_up*MQ..*_ga*ODI1MTcxOTE0LjE3NTU2Nzg2Njc.*_ga_1B824DSKXD*czE3NTU2Nzg2NjYkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTU2Nzg3MDIkajI0JGwwJGgw."},{"key":"ref_335","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Bitter Lupine Powder. Available online: https:\/\/www.thegloryofasia.com\/shop\/bitter-lupine-powder-17835#attr=26123."},{"key":"ref_336","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Emulsified Body Butter. Available online: https:\/\/lupinislebeautyco.com\/products\/emulsified-body-butter?srsltid=AfmBOorsdRyWpDuyt_r7YYInkxBZm-__n98kD69KC2LAgipi_xP9zu02."},{"key":"ref_337","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Koha Lupin Rejuvenating Cream | Anti-Aging Skincare from NZ. Available online: https:\/\/koha.gifts\/products\/koha-lupin-rejuvenating-cream?srsltid=AfmBOopAkHusEy43KjDUdvcofW8FhUq5AENBC1iJLFIuX4dw4sVIxN17."},{"key":"ref_338","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Przeciwzmarszczkowy Krem Uj\u0119drniaj\u0105cy, NOC, 50 ML. Available online: https:\/\/tolpa.pl\/green-odmladzanie-krem-przeciwzmarszczkowy-noc-50-mL-tgodm007."},{"key":"ref_339","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Krem Do St\u00f3p Na P\u0119kaj\u0105c\u0105 Sk\u00f3r\u0119 Pi\u0119t. Available online: https:\/\/ziaja.com\/p\/5901887002772\/krem-do-st-p-na-p-kaj-c-sk-r-pi-t-227?srsltid=AfmBOorYUdEkqnYskJsSTRf95f6QmzKEPiEixHcJ3ZTToy9Kvh6EpXUs."},{"key":"ref_340","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). EKO ONA Olejek z \u0141ubinu Do Twarzy (Przebarwienia)10 ML. Available online: https:\/\/ekoona.pl\/EKO-ONA-olejek-do-twarzy-z-lubinu-na-przebarwienia-10-mL."},{"key":"ref_341","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Naturalny Kosmetyczny Olej z \u0141ubinu. Available online: https:\/\/www.zrobsobiekrem.pl\/pl\/p\/Naturalny-kosmetyczny-olej-z-lubinu\/887."},{"key":"ref_342","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupine Protein, Hydrolyzed 37. Available online: https:\/\/www.makingcosmetics.com\/PRT-LUPI-01-60.html?lang=en_US."},{"key":"ref_343","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). 5% Lactic Acid + Lupin Protein and Bakuchiol Extract. Available online: https:\/\/lupinislebeautyco.com\/products\/5-lactic-acid-lupin-protein-and-bakuchiol-extract."},{"key":"ref_344","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Luscious Lupin Hand & Body Lotion. Available online: https:\/\/lupinislebeautyco.com\/products\/luscious-lupin-hand-and-body-lotion?_pos=1&_sid=94cd347c3&_ss=r."},{"key":"ref_345","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Floral Harmony Facial Moisturizer. Available online: https:\/\/lupinislebeautyco.com\/products\/floral-harmony-facial-moisturizer."},{"key":"ref_346","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Emulsified Body Butter. Available online: https:\/\/lupinislebeautyco.com\/products\/emulsified-body-butter."},{"key":"ref_347","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Island Kisses Lip Polish. Available online: https:\/\/lupinislebeautyco.com\/products\/island-kisses-lip-polish."},{"key":"ref_348","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Red Mud Scrub. Available online: https:\/\/lupinislebeautyco.com\/products\/redmudscrub."},{"key":"ref_349","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupin Extract 30mL | Botanical Extracts. Available online: https:\/\/www.beautylabthestore.gr\/en\/lupin-extract-30mL."},{"key":"ref_350","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Daily Sheer Tinted Mineral Sunscreen Fluid SPF 50. Available online: https:\/\/www.babobotanicals.com\/products\/daily-sheer-fluid-spf50-tinted-sunscreen?_pos=1&_sid=0a06afd48&_ss=r."},{"key":"ref_351","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Hair Loss Lotion 10-10-10-066. Available online: https:\/\/www.apivita.com\/en\/hair-loss-lotion-10-10-10-066.html."},{"key":"ref_352","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Jo Hansford Everyday Shampoo (250mL). Available online: https:\/\/johansford.com\/products\/jo-hansford-everyday-shampoo-250mL?srsltid=AfmBOooJnN0YyugjiH3YKa-VuuZh91WOsEYhHesnLy_0zVRxrG9EWt8W."},{"key":"ref_353","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Colour Protection Shampoo 250ML from My Hair Doctor, Prescription Haircare. Available online: https:\/\/myhairdoctor.com\/product\/colour-protection-shampoo-250mL\/."},{"key":"ref_354","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Buy Ariix Reviive Shampoo at BiosenseClinic.com. Available online: https:\/\/www.biosense-ariix.com\/collections\/reviive\/products\/reviive-shampoo."},{"key":"ref_355","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Swell Ultimate Volume Shampoo 250mL. Available online: https:\/\/www.nelsons.com\/products\/swell-ultimate-volume-shampoo-250mL?_pos=1&_psq=Ultimate+Volume+Shampoo&_ss=e&_v=1.0."},{"key":"ref_356","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Szampon Przeciw Wypadaniu W\u0142os\u00f3w Kuracja Wzmacniaj\u0105ca Ziaja Med. Available online: https:\/\/ziaja.com\/p\/5901887023722\/szampon-przeciw-wypadaniu-w-os-w-313."},{"key":"ref_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70265","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70265","article-title":"What Makes Lupins Less Palatable to Consumers? Can the Sensory Quality of Lupin Be Improved and Commercialized?","volume":"24","author":"Wanniarachchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1051\/ocl\/2022003","article-title":"Lupinus angustifolius L. Cultivar \u201cBoregine\u201d from South of Bulgaria: A Source of Nutrients and Natural Biologically Active Components","volume":"29","author":"Petkova","year":"2022","journal-title":"OCL"},{"key":"ref_359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-837X.2011.00122.x","article-title":"Effect of Lupin Flour Incorporation on the Physical and Sensory Properties of Muffins","volume":"4","author":"Jayasena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual. Assur. Saf. Crops Foods"},{"key":"ref_360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.12688","article-title":"Effects of Lupin Incorporation on the Physical Properties and Stability of Bioactive Constituents in Muffins","volume":"50","author":"Rumiyati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.12691\/ajfst-2-2-4","article-title":"Influence of Chemical Properties of Wheat-Lupine Flour Blends on Cake Quality","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2011.572546","article-title":"Enrichment of Gluten-Free Cakes with Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) or Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) Flours","volume":"62","author":"Levent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgfs.2021.100429","article-title":"Improvement of Functional Cake Formulation with Fermented Soy (Glycine Max) and Lupin (Lupinus albus L) Powders","volume":"26","author":"Aslan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Gastron. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.1552","article-title":"Sensory Acceptability of White Bread with Added Australian Sweet Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Kernel Fibre and Its Glycaemic and Insulinaemic Responses When Eaten as a Breakfast","volume":"83","author":"Johnson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spina, A., Summo, C., Timpanaro, N., Canale, M., Sanfilippo, R., Amenta, M., Strano, M.C., Allegra, M., Papa, M., and Pasqualone, A. (2024). Lupin as Ingredient in Durum Wheat Breadmaking: Physicochemical Properties of Flour Blends and Bread Quality. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13050807"},{"key":"ref_366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16572","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.16572","article-title":"The Comparison of Lupin Milk with Soy Milk as an Alternative Egg Substitute for Cake Production","volume":"46","author":"Aslan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s002170100391","article-title":"Study of the Total Replacement of Egg by White Lupine Protein, Emulsifiers and Xanthan Gum in Yellow Cakes","volume":"213","author":"Arozarena","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.17221\/252\/2009-CJFS","article-title":"Lupin Composition and Possible Use in Bakery\u2014A Review","volume":"29","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Czech. J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2009.11.001","article-title":"Semolina Supplementation with Processed Lupin and Pigeon Pea Flours Improve Protein Quality of Pasta","volume":"43","author":"Torres","year":"2010","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4603.2011.00326.x","article-title":"Development and quality evaluation of high-protein and high-dietary-fiber pasta using lupin flour","volume":"43","author":"Jayasena","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Texture Stud."},{"key":"ref_371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.02319","article-title":"Gluten-Free Pasta: Development of a New Formulation Based on Rice and Lupine Bean Flour (Lupinus mutabilis) Using a Mixture-Process Design","volume":"40","author":"Vernaza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4557.2009.00290.x","article-title":"The development and sensory acceptability of lupin-based tofu","volume":"33","author":"Jayasena","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1989.tb08577.x","article-title":"Chemical and Nutritional Characterization of Lupine Tempeh","volume":"54","author":"Agosin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2017.1386627","article-title":"Enhanced Vitamin B12 Production in an Innovative Lupin Tempeh Is Due to Synergic Effects of Rhizopus and Propionibacterium in Cofermentation","volume":"69","author":"Signorini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116275","article-title":"Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Oxygen and Its Effect on Microbial Dynamics and Vitamin B12 Content in Lupin Tempeh","volume":"201","author":"Turner","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parra-Gallardo, G., Quimbiulco-S\u00e1nchez, K., Salas-Sanju\u00e1n, M.d.C., del Moral, F., and Valenzuela, J.L. (2023). Alternative Development and Processing of Fermented Beverage and Tempeh Using Green Beans from Four Genotypes of Lupinus mutabilis. Fermentation, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9070590"},{"key":"ref_377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, M., Pierrepont, C., Duarte, C.M., Filipe, A., Medronho, B., and Sousa, I. (2020). Legume Beverages from Chickpea and Lupin, as New Milk Alternatives. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9101458"},{"key":"ref_378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5086","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11230","article-title":"Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of High Protein Emulsion-type Lupin-based Model Milk Alternatives: Effect of Protein Source and Homogenization Pressure","volume":"102","author":"Sahin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-024-05964-8","article-title":"Manufacturing Plant-Based Non-Dairy and Probiotic Frozen Desserts and Their Impact on Physicochemical, Sensory and Functional Aspects","volume":"61","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.110353","article-title":"The Choice of Probiotics Affects the Rheological, Structural, and Sensory Attributes of Lupin-Oat-Based Yoghurt","volume":"156","author":"Dhakal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2016.03.037","article-title":"Influence of Lupin-Based Milk Alternative Heat Treatment and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Physical Characteristics of Lupin-Based Yogurt Alternatives","volume":"84","author":"Hickisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14088","article-title":"Effects of Incorporating Roasted Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Flour on the Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of Beef Sausage","volume":"54","author":"Leonard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chil\u00f3n-Llico, R., Siguas-Cruzado, L., Apaza-Humerez, C.R., Morales-Garc\u00eda, W.C., and Silva-Paz, R.J. (2022). Protein Quality and Sensory Perception of Hamburgers Based on Quinoa, Lupin and Corn. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11213405"},{"key":"ref_384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-019-03298-w","article-title":"Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Properties of Meat Analogues Based on Spirulina\/Lupin Protein Mixtures","volume":"245","author":"Palanisamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70407","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70407","article-title":"Exploring the Potential of Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Flour-Based Ingredients in Developing High Moisture Meat Analogues","volume":"90","author":"Elhordoy","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141opusiewcz, \u0141., \u015amietana, N., Lichwiarska, E., Mazurkiewicz-Zapa\u0142owicz, K., Gefrom, A., and Droz\u0142owska, E. (2022). The Biotransformation of Lupine Seeds by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Penicillium camemberti into a Plant-Based Camembert Alternative, and Its Physicochemical Changes during 7 Weeks of Ripening. Fermentation, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation8090447"},{"key":"ref_387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Saedi, N., Agarwal, M., Islam, S., and Ren, Y.-L. (2021). Study on the Correlation between the Protein Profile of Lupin Milk and Its Cheese Production Compared with Cow\u2019s Milk. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082395"},{"key":"ref_388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.04.027","article-title":"Biochemical, Microbial and Sensory Evaluation of White Soft Cheese Made from Cow and Lupin Milk","volume":"59","author":"Elsamani","year":"2014","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e40913","article-title":"Optimization of Extrusion Conditions for Development of High Quality Rice-Lupin-Pumpkin Based Extruded Snack Food","volume":"10","author":"Alefew","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4557.2007.00120.x","article-title":"Coated lupin bean snacks*","volume":"30","author":"Joray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2025.102919","article-title":"Flavour Formation in the Coffee Substitute \u2018Lupin Coffee\u2019 Related to the Formation of Acrylamide","volume":"30","author":"Stranig","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, R., Parente, B., Mota, M., Raymundo, A., and Prista, C. (2025). Fermentation Process Evaluation of a Sustainable and Innovative Miso Made from Alternative Legumes. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14234131"},{"key":"ref_393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14913","article-title":"Physico-chemical and Sensory Properties of Chips Produced Using Different Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Flour Formulations and Cooking Methods","volume":"56","author":"Ghafoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_394","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Wicked Kitchen Vanilla Ice Dream Treat 500ML. Available online: https:\/\/www.tesco.com\/shop\/en-GB\/products\/306948136?srsltid=AfmBOoo7jw9GSXDlxZjJRkJ2ik0-gkGFPX5sp7fNCSEgk9MrfEPdsI6Q."},{"key":"ref_395","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Low Carb Potato Mash. Available online: https:\/\/realgoodfoodgroup.com\/products\/instant-low-carb-mash?_pos=1&_sid=f0899ba3d&_ss=r."},{"key":"ref_396","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). The Gluten Free Food Co Cup Cake\/Muffin Mix. Available online: https:\/\/realgoodfoodgroup.com\/products\/cup-cake-mix?_pos=1&_sid=d86c1ace2&_ss=r."},{"key":"ref_397","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Keto Lemonlicious Slice Bake Mix. Available online: https:\/\/realgoodfoodgroup.com\/collections\/keto-bake-mixes\/products\/lemonlicious-slice-mix."},{"key":"ref_398","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupreme. Available online: https:\/\/www.eighthdayfoods.com.au\/our-products."},{"key":"ref_399","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupin Protein Flakes\u20143 x 5kg Packs. Available online: https:\/\/thelupinco.com.au\/product\/lupin-flakes-15kg-service-pack\/."},{"key":"ref_400","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). VollEy_PL. Available online: https:\/\/myey.info\/volley_pl\/?lang=pl."},{"key":"ref_401","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Products. Available online: https:\/\/www.shop.terravegane.com\/collections\/all."},{"key":"ref_402","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupin \u2018Semolina\u2019 400g. Available online: https:\/\/www.lupinsforlife.com.au\/product\/lupin-semolina\/."},{"key":"ref_403","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). 5kg Toasted Protein Flakes. Available online: https:\/\/www.lupinsforlife.com.au\/product\/5kg-toasted-protein-flakes\/."},{"key":"ref_404","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupin Crumb 400g. Available online: https:\/\/www.lupinsforlife.com.au\/product\/lupin-crumb\/."},{"key":"ref_405","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupin Flour 400g. Available online: https:\/\/www.lupinsforlife.com.au\/product\/lupin-flour\/."},{"key":"ref_406","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Bio Lupinenprotein Pulver Kaufen. Available online: https:\/\/www.raabvitalfood.de\/products\/bio-lupinenprotein-pulver."},{"key":"ref_407","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Serio Sermeggio Jak Parmezan 150g. Available online: https:\/\/www.evergreen.pl\/serio-sermeggio-roslinna-alternatywa-sera-wloskiego-twardego-150g-id-3314."},{"key":"ref_408","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Ro\u015blinna Alternatywa Sera Plastry 100 g\u2014Serio. Available online: https:\/\/pyszneeko.pl\/product-pol-16605-Roslinna-alternatywa-sera-plastry-100-g-Serio.html?srsltid=AfmBOooaGxMmuJRzygAXz1dfXvtC9Kk_za8rJiewyhxPceWmrpHdeSIh."},{"key":"ref_409","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Tempehmanufaktur Organic Lupin Tempeh with Wild Herbs, 170 g. Available online: https:\/\/www.piccantino.com\/tempehmanufaktur\/organic-lupine-tempeh-with-wild-herbs."},{"key":"ref_410","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Bisque Tempeh. Available online: https:\/\/www.bisquetempeh.com\/."},{"key":"ref_411","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). #Fingerfood\u2014Lupines Plastic Tray 10 x 250 g. Available online: https:\/\/www.saladitos.com\/en\/comprar-altramuces\/lupines-saladitos-10-x-250-g\/."},{"key":"ref_412","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). #Lupinslovers\u2014Lupins Plastic Bag 3 x 2 Kg. Available online: https:\/\/www.saladitos.com\/en\/comprar-altramuces\/tarro-de-vidrio-1300-grs-2\/."},{"key":"ref_413","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lulupasta\u2014Protein Pasta, Lupin Pasta, Keto Pasta, Gluten Free. Available online: https:\/\/wholesomeprovisions.com\/collections\/lulupasta?srsltid=AfmBOoqzZUDyXTKf-isz5MeVndzUgTQdfa3AmFOEk6TE8hWTLsI6xKk-."},{"key":"ref_414","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Low Carb, High Protein Lupin Flour. Available online: https:\/\/kaizenfoodcompany.com\/products\/flour?_pos=1&_psq=LUPIN+FLOUR&_ss=e&_v=1.0."},{"key":"ref_415","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Build Your Own Bundle. Available online: https:\/\/kaizenfoodcompany.com\/pages\/build-your-own-bundle."},{"key":"ref_416","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupin Cookies. Available online: https:\/\/skinnybik.com\/product-category\/lupin-cookies\/?srsltid=AfmBOoqj49vWBvnkL3aJzemuAWdDMboB2s-IvZauSdFyM0zJQTeKv6yN."},{"key":"ref_417","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lufu z \u0141ubinu Naturalny. Available online: https:\/\/www.prosoya.pl\/nasze-produkty\/hempu-i-lufu\/lufu-z-lubinu-naturalny\/."},{"key":"ref_418","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Pates z \u0141ubinu Klasyczny. Available online: https:\/\/www.prosoya.pl\/nasze-produkty\/produkty-z-lubinu\/pates-z-lubinu-klasyczny\/."},{"key":"ref_419","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Marinated Lupin Snack with Sea Salt | 12 x 70g. Available online: https:\/\/tarwi.co\/products\/snack-de-tremoco-sal-marinho-12x70g?_pos=2&_psq=Marinated+lupin&_ss=e&_v=1.0."},{"key":"ref_420","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lummus. Available online: https:\/\/tarwi.co\/products\/lummus-160g?_pos=1&_psq=Lummus&_ss=e&_v=1.0."},{"key":"ref_421","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Essential+ Vegan Protein with Cocoa 300g. Available online: https:\/\/tarwi.co\/products\/proteina-vegan-essencial-cacau-300g?_pos=2&_sid=f0647647d&_ss=r."},{"key":"ref_422","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Brami Lupini Beans\u2014Variety Pack. Available online: https:\/\/enjoybrami.com\/products\/lupini-beans-variety."},{"key":"ref_423","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupine White Miso. Available online: https:\/\/www.my-fermentation.com\/en\/product-page\/miso-blanc-de-lupin."},{"key":"ref_424","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lubin\u0173 Kava. Available online: https:\/\/www.dvarokavos.lt\/product\/kavos\/lubinu-kava\/."},{"key":"ref_425","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Suchergebnis. Available online: https:\/\/www.naturata-shop.de\/search?search=4024297022039."},{"key":"ref_426","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Date & Butterscotch Lupin Biscuits. Available online: https:\/\/skinnybik.com\/shop\/lupin-cookies\/date-butterscotch-lupin-cookies\/."},{"key":"ref_427","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Sweet Lupin Beans 1 Kg. Available online: https:\/\/www.blaadi.com\/products\/sweet-lupin-beans-1-kg."},{"key":"ref_428","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Gluten Free Lupin Loaf. Available online: https:\/\/bodhi.com.au\/product\/lupin-loaf-600g\/."},{"key":"ref_429","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Tartinade de Lupin\u2014Butternut Bio 200 Grs. Available online: https:\/\/www.vivien-danjou.fr\/produit\/conserves-artisanales\/tartinade-de-lupin-butternut-bio-200-grs\/."},{"key":"ref_430","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupii Pasta\u2014Rotini. Available online: https:\/\/app.westock.io\/brand\/741\/7255."},{"key":"ref_431","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Almond Butter Cinnamon Raisin. Available online: https:\/\/app.westock.io\/brand\/741\/2987."},{"key":"ref_432","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Ultra Low Carb Protein Chips\u2014Nacho Cheese. Available online: https:\/\/lokafoods.com.au\/products\/low-carb-protein-chips-nacho-cheese?_pos=1&_sid=03ae66205&_ss=r."},{"key":"ref_433","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). BIO Keimsprossen-Saat S\u00fc\u00dflupine. Available online: https:\/\/www.kiepenkerl.de\/bio-keimsprossen-saat-suesslupine-1076950\/."},{"key":"ref_434","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Boisson Lupin 750mL. Available online: https:\/\/www.unmondevegan.com\/boissons-vegetales\/1618-boisson-lupin-750mL.html."},{"key":"ref_435","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Kup Kawa \u0141ubinowa z \u0141ubinem 500 g Proszku Kornkreis. Available online: https:\/\/kornkreis.bio\/?srsltid=AfmBOorDjj7Ng5fqYcWlXunwKvXsB1YoHfzMOuqjCZbPp3tzCGLICQNm."},{"key":"ref_436","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). 1 Kg RECHARGE Caf\u00e9 de Lupin Bio. Available online: https:\/\/www.lupicoffee.com\/products\/lupi-recharge-cafe-de-lupin-bio."},{"key":"ref_437","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Birra Artigianale Lupinus al Caff\u00e8 Di Anterivo. Available online: https:\/\/www.titospeck.it\/products\/birra-artigianale-lupinus-al-caffe-di-anterivo-birra-di-fiemme-bottiglia?_pos=1&_psq=Craft+beer+Lupinus+with+Anterivo+coffee&_ss=e&_v=1.0."},{"key":"ref_438","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Grappa with Toasted Lupin from Anterivo. Available online: https:\/\/www.titospeck.it\/en\/products\/grappa-with-toasted-lupin-from-anterivo-lones-bottle?_pos=2&_psq=lup&_ss=e&_v=1.0."},{"key":"ref_439","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Pinarie. Available online: https:\/\/pinariefoods.com\/product\/sea-salt\/."},{"key":"ref_440","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupins R\u00f4tissel de Mer. Available online: https:\/\/croquelupin.com\/produit\/lupins-rotis-sel-de-mer\/."},{"key":"ref_441","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). BIO Rapunzel Lupinenschrot 250g. Available online: https:\/\/www.kamelur.de\/rapunzel-bio-lupinenschrot-XX-BX8I-VOPX."},{"key":"ref_442","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Bio Lupinen Wei\u00df Kaufen. Available online: https:\/\/www.kamelur.de\/bio-lupinen-weiss-TN-3B30-GQB9."},{"key":"ref_443","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupinen Flocken 700g. Available online: https:\/\/www.piowald.com\/cerealien-flocken\/lupine\/103\/lupinen-flocken-700g?srsltid=AfmBOoqXliDZSKPAmgfTqhBDeUDpInz0vigiFaH52Ybjw58e-VWB1SGZ."},{"key":"ref_444","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Bio Lupinen | Wei\u00df & S\u00fc\u00df | Aus Deutschland | Rohkost | Keimf\u00e4hig. Available online: https:\/\/suessundclever.de\/products\/bio-lupinen-weiss-suess-aus-deutschland?_pos=1&_psq=lu&_ss=e&_v=1.0."},{"key":"ref_445","unstructured":"SIMPLI (2026, April 21). Regenerative Organic Certified\u00ae Lupini Beans. Available online: https:\/\/eatsimpli.com\/products\/simpli-regenerative-organic-certified%C2%AE-lupini-beans?srsltid=AfmBOorIEpmwcW68zA40T8xx6aBdksfLvAmBxN88dF2mgJF0eoDiRQlV."},{"key":"ref_446","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Lupin Protein Isolate 600g. Available online: https:\/\/lupingold.com.au\/products\/lupin-plant-protein-isolate-600g."},{"key":"ref_447","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). VeganeVRIKADELLE. Available online: https:\/\/www.purvegan.de\/veganevrikadelle\/."},{"key":"ref_448","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). LupinenROSTBRATW\u00dcRSTCHEN. Available online: https:\/\/www.purvegan.de\/lupinenrostbratwuerstchen\/."},{"key":"ref_449","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). LupinenSAUCE. Available online: https:\/\/www.purvegan.de\/lupinensauce\/."},{"key":"ref_450","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Organic Lupin Miso 190g\u2014With Lupins and Wholegrain Rice\u2014Fermented. Available online: https:\/\/ochi.at\/en\/products\/lupinenmiso."},{"key":"ref_451","unstructured":"(2026, April 21). Nature. Available online: https:\/\/yellowsunshine.ch\/nature-de."},{"key":"ref_452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estivi, L., Brandolini, A., Gasparini, A., and Hidalgo, A. (2023). Lupin as a Source of Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds for Food Products. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28227529"},{"key":"ref_453","unstructured":"(2026, August 03). COBORU Lista Opisowa Odmian Ro\u015blin Rolniczych. Bobowate, Soja Wiechlinowate, Inne Pastewne, Available online: https:\/\/coboru.gov.pl\/Publikacje_COBORU\/Listy_opisowe\/LOO_Bobowate_2025.pdf."},{"key":"ref_454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drewnowski, A., Bruins, M.J., and Besselink, J.J.F. (2024). Comparing Nutrient Profiles of Meat and Fish with Plant-Based Alternatives: Analysis of Nutrients, Ingredients, and Fortification Patterns. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162725"},{"key":"ref_455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01201-2","article-title":"The EAT\u2013Lancet Commission on Healthy, Sustainable, and Just Food Systems","volume":"406","author":"Thilsted","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1002\/leg3.111","article-title":"Anti-nutritional Compounds in Pulses: Implications and Alleviation Methods","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Legume Sci."},{"key":"ref_457","unstructured":"Bobrecka-Jamro, D., Fordo\u0144ski, G., Kotecki, A., Kozak, M., Prusi\u0144ski, J., Pszcz\u00f3\u0142kowska, A., Szpunar-Krok, E., and Szuka\u0142a, J. (2020). Uprawa Ro\u015blin. Tom III, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wroc\u0142awiu."},{"key":"ref_458","unstructured":"Karnpanit, W. (2026, August 03). Effect of Cultivar and Processing on Anti-Nutritional Factors and Bioaccessibility of Minerals of Australian Sweet Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Available online: https:\/\/researchers-admin.westernsydney.edu.au\/ws\/portalfiles\/portal\/94893893\/uws_38285.pdf."},{"key":"ref_459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petterson, D.S. (2004). LUPIN|Overview. Encycl. Grain Sci., 166\u2013174.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-765490-9\/00083-5"},{"key":"ref_460","unstructured":"Pasanen, S. (2026, August 03). Lupin as a Future Protein Source in Sweden\u2013Food Safety Aspects, Prospects and Challenges. Available online: https:\/\/stud.epsilon.slu.se\/18516\/1\/pasanen-s-221207.pdf."},{"key":"ref_461","first-page":"17308","article-title":"Compositional Attributes of Blue Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Seeds for Selection of High-Protein Cultivars","volume":"71","author":"Roman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_462","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gresta, F., Wink, M., Prins, U., Abberton, M., Capraro, J., Scarafoni, A., and Hill, G. (2017). Lupins in European Cropping Systems. Legumes in Cropping Systems, CABI.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780644981.0088"},{"key":"ref_463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1071\/AR00084","article-title":"A Comparison of the Adaptation of Yellow Lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) and Narrow-Leafed Lupin (L. angustifolius L.) to Acid Sandplain Soils in Low Rainfall Agricultural Areas of Western Australia","volume":"52","author":"French","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_464","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.136104","article-title":"Nutritional Composition and Biological Activity of Narrow-Leafed Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Hydrolysates and Seeds","volume":"420","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castillo, R.F., Garc\u00eda P\u00e9rez, R., Gonz\u00e1lez D\u00edaz, A., and Li\u00f1\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, A. (2023). Therapeutic Applications and Effects of Lupinus angustifolius (Blue Lupin) and Its Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12142749"},{"key":"ref_466","unstructured":"(2026, July 24). KR\u2014Odmiany w Rejestrze, Available online: https:\/\/www.coboru.gov.pl\/pl\/kr\/kr_odm?kodgatunku=LWS."},{"key":"ref_467","unstructured":"EU Plant Variety Portal (2026, July 24). Varieties of EU-Regulated Agricultural, Vegetable and Fruit Species. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/plant-variety-portal\/index.xhtml;jsessionid=VSyTiiHZoRDKNJzslyWoH8ETqR07zvR_X3_KjpJjZhwQ7USuxO5g!989555755."},{"key":"ref_468","unstructured":"(2026, July 21). \u0141ubin W\u0105skolistny, Polecane Odmiany Nasion \u0141ubinu W\u0105skolistnego. Available online: https:\/\/phr.pl\/produkty\/lubin\/lubin-waskolistny\/."},{"key":"ref_469","unstructured":"(2026, July 21). \u0141ubin W\u0105skolistny. Available online: https:\/\/www.hrsmolice.pl\/pl\/straczkowe\/lubin-waskolistny."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/16\/2918\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T04:12:16Z","timestamp":1787544736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/16\/2918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":469,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31162918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31162918","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]}}}