{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:19:29Z","timestamp":1787581169268,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200026"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200168"]}]},{"award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200168"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fraud in herbal medicines and botanical supplements\u2014such as biological substitution, dilution with inert material, undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and intentional mislabeling\u2014represents a significant and underestimated threat to public health. Beyond regulatory problems, fraudulent botanical products also compromise the scientific integrity of bioactive compound research. If pharmacological or clinical studies are carried out on adulterated material without knowing it, the resulting data on safety and efficacy become unreliable, and any conclusions drawn from such data are questionable. This review critically evaluates multi-platform metabolomics as an analytical decision-making framework for botanical fraud detection. Rather than cataloging available methods, we focus on the complete analytical pipeline: study design and sample strategy, multi-platform fingerprint acquisition and processing (NMR, GC-MS, LC-HRMS, HPTLC), and chemometric modeling, validation, and decision support. Particular emphasis is placed on data fusion across platforms and the requirements for producing decision-grade evidence\u2014analytical outputs robust enough to support market monitoring and regulatory action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31162938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:51:05Z","timestamp":1787327465000},"page":"2938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-Platform Metabolomics for Fraud Detection in Spices and Botanical Food Supplements: From Fingerprint Acquisition to Decision-Grade Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0555-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejan","family":"Go\u0111evac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njego\u0161eva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3291-9818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Ivanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njego\u0161eva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjana","family":"Cvetkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njego\u0161eva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovana Stankovi\u0107","family":"Jeremi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njego\u0161eva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5060-8936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Simi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njego\u0161eva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0541-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Mandrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9799-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Sofreni\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-022-00166-y","article-title":"A sense of ginger fraud: Prevalence and deconstruction of the China-European Union supply chain","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Sci. 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