{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:19:15Z","timestamp":1787635155263,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qatar University POSTDOC","award":["1438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1438"]}]},{"name":"Qatar University POSTDOC","award":["QUCG-CHS-25\/26-677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QUCG-CHS-25\/26-677"]}]},{"award":["1438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1438"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00yhnba62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["QUCG-CHS-25\/26-677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QUCG-CHS-25\/26-677"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00yhnba62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007689","name":"University of Aveiro","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00nt41z93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UID\/50006\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006\/2025"]}]},{"award":["UID\/50006\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plants grown in arid environments can produce distinct secondary metabolite profiles as adaptive stress responses. This study evaluated the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities of essential oils (EOs) from two Ocimum species cultivated in Qatar: Ocimum basilicum L. (OB-S, sweet basil) and Ocimum africanum Lour. (OA-L, lemon basil). GC-MS analysis revealed distinct chemotypes: OB-S was linalool-rich (31.53% linalool and 12.91% eucalyptol), while OA-L was citral-dominant (78.34% geranial\/neral). OB-S exhibited superior biological activity, showing a lower minimum inhibitory concentration against Listeria monocytogenes (MIC = 5 mg\/mL) than OA-L (MIC = 10 mg\/mL). Consistent with its higher total phenolic content (999.06 \u00b1 8.30 vs. 37.77 \u00b1 3.25 \u00b5g GAE\/g EO), OB-S demonstrated significantly greater antioxidant capacity (DPPH EC50 of 162.69 \u00b1 0.78 vs. 939.38 \u00b1 0.68 \u00b5g\/mL). Further evaluation of OB-S EO and its major constituents (linalool, eugenol, estragole, eucalyptol) against L. monocytogenes biofilms revealed that while the whole EO reduced biofilm viability at 2MIC, isolated phytocompounds were more potent. Eugenol achieved the greatest reduction (reaching up to 5 log CFU\/cm2), suggesting that it may be a major contributor to OB-S EO\u2019s antibiofilm activity. These findings highlight the distinct chemotypic and bioactive profiles of these Ocimum species cultivated under arid conditions while also demonstrating eugenol\u2019s potential for food-safety applications as a natural food preservative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31172940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:20:02Z","timestamp":1787563202000},"page":"2940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemotypic Diversity, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Essential Oils from Arid-Grown Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum africanum and Their Representative Active Components"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Samah","family":"Mechmechani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3524-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Shaito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center (BRC), QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"},{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"},{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai M.","family":"Karousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center (BRC), QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"},{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Angelica M.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4249-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana C. G. A.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Al-Khater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Torba Farm, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moneer","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Torba Farm, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Hassona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qur\u2019anic Botanic Garden, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Doha P.O Box 1148, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6970-0174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layal","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uyttendaele, M., Franz, E., and Schl\u00fcter, O. (2016). Food Safety, a Global Challenge. Int. J. Environ. Res. 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