{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:19:41Z","timestamp":1787721581185,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22302090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22302090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["22302090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22302090"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022A1515110093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515110093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although atomically precise metal nanoclusters bridge homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, their application in the protoboration of C\u2013C unsaturated bonds remains challenging. Herein, we report a stable copper nanocluster (Cu6-1) featuring exposed active sites, which successfully enables efficient protoboration of alkynes. This catalyst can be readily synthesized on a gram scale and exhibits ultrahigh catalytic efficiency under ambient conditions (room temperature and air atmosphere), achieving a turnover number (TON) of up to 32,000. The reaction demonstrates excellent regio- and stereoselectivity, and the substrate scope has been successfully expanded to alkenes and enynes. More importantly, Cu6-1 overcomes the recyclability issues of traditional catalysts, retaining its activity over eight consecutive cycles with no significant deactivation, thus offering a highly efficient and robust platform for the synthesis of organoboron compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31172956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:20:02Z","timestamp":1787563202000},"page":"2956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Copper Nanoclusters with Exposed Active Sites for Highly Efficient Protoboration of C\u2013C Multiple Bonds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5343-8896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Institute for Ocean Research, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3559-5443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songwei","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00039a007","article-title":"Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of organoboron compounds","volume":"95","author":"Miyaura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1021\/ar050199q","article-title":"Organotrifluoroborates:\u2009Protected boronic acids that expand the versatility of the Suzuki coupling reaction","volume":"40","author":"Molander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1021\/cs4000848","article-title":"Organoboron acids and their derivatives as catalysts for organic synthesis","volume":"3","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60197H","article-title":"Selection of boron reagents for Suzuki\u2013Miyaura coupling","volume":"43","author":"Lennox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2017.05.008","article-title":"Recent developments in organoboron chemistry: Old dogs, new tricks","volume":"3","author":"Fyfe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7249","DOI":"10.1039\/D4QO01703J","article-title":"The reactivity of alkenyl boron reagents in catalytic reactions: Recent advances and perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Org. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3513","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00184K","article-title":"Boronic acids as building blocks for the construction of therapeutically useful bioconjugates","volume":"48","author":"Russo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CY01194A","article-title":"Going-with-the-flow: Nickel-catalysed Suzuki\u2013Miyaura cross-couplings in continuous flow and translation into APIs savolitinib and baxdrostat","volume":"16","author":"Bradbury","year":"2026","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1021\/jm200187y","article-title":"The Medicinal Chemist\u2019s Toolbox: An analysis of reactions used in the pursuit of drug candidates","volume":"54","author":"Roughley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6613","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201202856","article-title":"Copper-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution with readily accessible carbonyl- and acetal-containing vinylboron reagents","volume":"51","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01794-9","article-title":"General room-temperature Suzuki\u2013Miyaura polymerization for organic electronics","volume":"23","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202202912","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202202912","article-title":"Syntheses of covalent organic frameworks via a one-pot Suzuki coupling and Schiff\u2019s base reaction for C2H4\/C3H6 separation","volume":"61","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"115457","article-title":"Nanometal catalysts for the hydroboration of alkynes","volume":"586","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Catal."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00180H","article-title":"Reactions of organoboron compounds enabled by catalyst-promoted metalate shifts","volume":"48","author":"Namirembe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201801559","article-title":"Alkenyl boronates: Synthesis and applications","volume":"14","author":"Carreras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13735","article-title":"Multifunctional organoboron compounds for scalable natural product synthesis","volume":"513","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18790","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c08777","article-title":"Boronic ester enabled [2 + 2]-cycloadditions by temporary coordination: Synthesis of artochamin J and piperarborenine B","volume":"144","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1021\/ja4126565","article-title":"A broadly applicable NHC\u2212Cu-catalyzed approach for efficient, site-, and enantioselective coupling of readily accessible (pinacolato)alkenylboron compounds to allylic phosphates and applications to natural product synthesis","volume":"136","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14498","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202101874","article-title":"Copper-photocatalyzed hydroboration of alkynes and alkenes","volume":"60","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b02973","article-title":"Borylation of alkynes under base\/coinage metal catalysis: Some recent developments","volume":"6","author":"Yoshida","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1039\/C7OB02958F","article-title":"A nano-catalytic approach for C\u2013B bond formation reactions","volume":"16","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15453","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c08088","article-title":"Creating high regioselectivity by electronic metal\u2212support interaction of a single-atomic-site catalyst","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7513","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.1c01421","article-title":"Transition-metal-catalyzed functionalization of alkynes with organoboron reagents: New trends, mechanistic insights, and applications","volume":"11","author":"Corpas","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17487","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c06312","article-title":"Ultrathin metal\u2212organic framework nanosheets exhibiting exceptional catalytic activity","volume":"144","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8261","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00641","article-title":"s-Block metal catalysts for the hydroboration of unsaturated bonds","volume":"122","author":"Magre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-018-0001-2","article-title":"Earth-abundant transition metal catalysts for alkene hydrosilylation and hydroboration","volume":"2","author":"Obligacion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8877","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00344A","article-title":"The transition metalcatalysed hydroboration reaction","volume":"51","author":"Geier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2504-3530","article-title":"Cu-nanoclusters as emerging catalyst in organic synthesis","volume":"36","author":"Pal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Synlett"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00726","article-title":"Atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters as efficient catalysts: A bridge between structure and properties","volume":"120","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00495","article-title":"Toward active-site tailoring in heterogeneous catalysis by atomically precise metal nanoclusters with crystallographic structures","volume":"121","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8307","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CC07349A","article-title":"Copper nanoclusters with atomic precision as catalyst for organic reactions","volume":"62","author":"Sarma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1039\/b502142c","article-title":"Size matters: Why nanomaterials are different","volume":"35","author":"Roduner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2016.05.003","article-title":"Recent advances in the synthesis and catalytic applications of ligand protected, atomically precise metal nanoclusters","volume":"322","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00371","article-title":"Surface chemistry of atomically precise coinage\u2212metal nanoclusters: From structural control to surface reactivity and catalysis","volume":"51","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.3c00176","article-title":"Surface engineering of atomically precise M(I) nanoclusters: From structural control to room temperature photoluminescence enhancement","volume":"56","author":"Biswas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300197s","article-title":"Nanostructured catalysts for organic transformations","volume":"46","author":"Chng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2017.10.004","article-title":"Copper nanoparticles as inexpensive and efficient catalyst: A valuable contribution in organic synthesis","volume":"353","author":"Ojha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304184","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202304184","article-title":"Ligand design in atomically precise copper nanoclusters and their application in electrocatalytic reactions","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202313648","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202313648","article-title":"Copper-sulfur-nitrogen cluster providing a local proton for efficient carbon dioxide photoreduction","volume":"62","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202218369","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202218369","article-title":"An atomically precise pyrazolate-protected copper nanocluster exhibiting exceptional stability and catalytic activity","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13858","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CC04774E","article-title":"Copper nanoclusters: Emerging photoredox catalysts for organic bond formations","volume":"60","author":"Sagadevan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4974","DOI":"10.1039\/D4QI01039F","article-title":"Atomically precise nanocluster-catalyzed coupling reactions","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49081-8","article-title":"NIR-II emissive anionic copper nanoclusters with intrinsic photoredox activity in single-electron transfer","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202416851","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202416851","article-title":"Stable and recyclable copper nanoclusters with exposed active sites for broad-scope protosilylation in open air","volume":"64","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70226","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.70226","article-title":"Atomically precise coinage metal nanocluster photocatalysts: Recent advances in organic synthesis","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aggregate"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1021\/prechem.3c00003","article-title":"Atomically precise metal nanoclusters as single electron transferers for hydroborylation","volume":"1","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Precis. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16295","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c05077","article-title":"Planar core and macrocyclic shell stabilized atomically precise copper nanocluster catalyst for efficient hydroboration of C\u2212C multiple bond","volume":"146","author":"Alamer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53950-7","article-title":"Atomically precise copper clusters with dual sites for highly chemoselective and efficient hydroboration","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23716","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202523716","article-title":"Atomically Precise [Cu-Cu54] Nanocluster-catalyzed three-component borylative coupling of alkynes with alkyl bromides and chlorides","volume":"65","author":"Jangid","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00358-2","article-title":"Deoxyarteannuin B, dihydro-deoxyarteannuin B and trans-5-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-5-methylhex-3-en-1-ol from Artemisia anuua","volume":"58","author":"Sy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.9b04647","article-title":"Catalytic asymmetric conjugate protosilylation and protoborylation of 2-trifluoromethyl enynes for synthesis of functionalized allenes","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2020.06.034","article-title":"Cu-catalyzed regio- and stereodivergent chemoselective sp2\/sp3 1,3- and 1,4-diborylations of CF3-containing 1,3-enynes","volume":"6","author":"Kuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1063\/1.475428","article-title":"Exchange functionals with improved long-range behavior and adiabatic connection methods without adjustable parameters: The mPW and mPW1PW models","volume":"108","author":"Adamo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5648","DOI":"10.1063\/1.464913","article-title":"Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange","volume":"98","author":"Becke","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01114537","article-title":"Energy-adjusted ab initio pseudopotentials for the second and third row transition elements","volume":"77","author":"Andrae","year":"1990","journal-title":"Theor. Chem. Acc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15323","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c04668","article-title":"Copper(I)\u2212thiazol-2-ylidenes: Highly reactive N-heterocyclic carbenes for the hydroboration of terminal and internal alkynes. Ligand development, synthetic utility, and mechanistic studies","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17346","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NJ03708F","article-title":"Efficient heterogeneous hydroboration of alkynes: Enhancing the catalytic activity by Cu(0) incorporated CuFe2O4 nanoparticles","volume":"42","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13538","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201102367","article-title":"Copper-catalyzed 1,2-addition of nucleophilic silicon to aldehydes: Mechanistic insight and catalytic systems","volume":"17","author":"Kleeberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2016.03.019","article-title":"Superparamagnetic copper ferrite nanoparticles catalyzed aerobic, ligand-Free, regioselective hydroboration of alkynes: Influence of synergistic effect","volume":"519","author":"Mohan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A Gen."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2021.09.033","article-title":"Highly efficient hydroboration of alkynes catalyzed by porous copper-organic framework under mild conditions","volume":"404","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2019.07.009","article-title":"PEG-mediated recyclable borylative coupling of vinyl boronates with Olefins","volume":"376","author":"Szyling","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NJ03984G","article-title":"Selective and efficient synthesis of trans-arylvinylboronates and trans-hetarylvinylboronates using palladium catalyzed cross-coupling","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b03598","article-title":"Highly chemoselective hydroboration of alkynes and nitriles catalyzed by group 4 metal amidophosphine\u2013borane complexes","volume":"5","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11465","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201105148","article-title":"Rhodium-catalyzed reaction of 1-alkenylboronates with aldehydes leading to allylation products","volume":"50","author":"Shimizu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/17\/2956\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:22:35Z","timestamp":1787718155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/17\/2956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31172956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31172956","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]}}}