{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:23:28Z","timestamp":1787649808392,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized by progressive impairment of glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to expand the phytochemical profile of freeze-dried Stenocereus stellatus (red tunillo) seeds and evaluate their antihyperglycemic activity in experimental models of prediabetes (PDB) and T2D. Results: Phytochemical screening and UPLC-QTOF-MSE revealed a chemically diverse profile. Six chromatographic features were putatively annotated on the basis of accurate mass, elemental composition, isotopic pattern, and high-energy data; the confidence of these annotations varied among features because authentic standards were not analyzed. Fourteen-day oral administration of freeze-dried seeds reduced blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in prediabetic rats. In T2D rats, treatment reduced hyperglycemia and enhanced the glucose-lowering response to exogenous insulin, although the overall glucose excursion during the OGTT was not significantly improved. Methods: Female rats with PDB and male rats with T2D were fed freeze-dried S. stellatus seeds at 100 and 200 mg kg\u22121, respectively, for 14 consecutive days. Conclusions: Freeze-dried S. stellatus seeds showed antihyperglycemic activity in both experimental models. Further quantitative, mechanistic, and long-term studies are required to define the contribution of individual metabolites and assess translational relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31172964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:04:30Z","timestamp":1787648670000},"page":"2964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Stenocereus stellatus Seeds and Their Antihyperglycemic Activity in Experimental Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8910-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor Hugo","family":"Oidor-Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa Campus, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1\u00aa. Secci\u00f3n, Alcald\u00eda Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7176-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"D\u00edaz de Le\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Post-Harvest of Plant Genetic Resources and Natural Products, Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa Campus, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1\u00aa. Secci\u00f3n, Alcald\u00eda Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo del","family":"Valle-Mondrag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda \u201cIgnacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Memije","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromechanical Instrumentation, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3669-7482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Torres-Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda \u201cIgnacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7127-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Cruz-Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa Campus, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1\u00aa. Secci\u00f3n, Alcald\u00eda Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6660-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Patl\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirection of Basic and Technological Research, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda \u201cIgnacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, Bioscience Building, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melani","family":"Le\u00f3n-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda \u201cIgnacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"L\u00f3pez-Olmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda \u201cIgnacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz","family":"Ibarra-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda \u201cIgnacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8518-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Castrej\u00f3n-T\u00e9llez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda \u201cIgnacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Secci\u00f3n XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15019","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.19","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"1","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. 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