{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:22:23Z","timestamp":1787674943014,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016047","name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6389927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6389927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["6389927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6389927"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02r531a15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200168"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200288"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200043"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation","award":["451-03-68\/2023-14\/200288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2023-14\/200288"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation","award":["451-03-68\/2023-14\/200146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2023-14\/200146"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200007"]}]},{"award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200168"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200288"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200043"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200007"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200007"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-68\/2023-14\/200288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2023-14\/200288"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-68\/2023-14\/200146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2023-14\/200146"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200007"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methanol (ME) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of rustyback fern (Asplenium ceterach L.) sporophytes were analyzed for antioxidant properties by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-based bioautography, using DPPH as the detection reagent, and were comparatively tested for their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities. The bioautography assay indicated that the rustyback fern ME extract had significant antioxidant potential and moderate \u03b1-amylase activity compared to the DCM extract. Both extracts exhibited pronounced scavenging activity towards hydroxyl radicals, as well as antibacterial and antifungal potential against all tested strains, although to varying degrees. The Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus cereus were the most sensitive bacteria, while the most sensitive fungus was the yeast Candida krusei. Furthermore, the tested extracts showed notable capability to prevent Candida albicans biofilm establishment, with no significant difference between the two extracts examined and an inhibition range of 72\u201374%. Cytotoxic screening indicated the safety of the extracts even at high concentrations, up to 100 \u03bcg mL\u22121. The results of the present study highlight A. ceterach extracts as a significant source of bioactive compounds, supporting their potential use as potent antioxidants and for combating diseases caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31172978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:55:06Z","timestamp":1787673306000},"page":"2978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Two Asplenium ceterach L. Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3727-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marijana","family":"Skori\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0619-0709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"Milutinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5384-8396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uro\u0161","family":"Ga\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-5490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0154-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0110ura","family":"Nakarada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1868-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milo\u0161","family":"Mojovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"\u0106iri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4787-8318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevenka","family":"Gligorijevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-9623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0110ur\u0111a","family":"Ivkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry Ltd., University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6106-1454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petar","family":"Ristivojevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6155-2179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ladislav","family":"Luc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0280-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzana","family":"\u017divkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026550808557","article-title":"The evolution of vegetative desiccation tolerance in land plants","volume":"151","author":"Oliver","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Ecol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black, M., and Pritchard, H.W. (2002). Drying without drying. Desiccation and Survival in Plants: Drying Without Dying, CABI Publishing.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851995342.0000"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black, M., and Pritchard, H.W. (2002). Vegetative tissues: Bryophytes, vascular resurrection plants and vegetative propagules. Desiccation and Survival in Plants: Drying Without Dying, CAB International.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851995342.0000"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.94.4.701","article-title":"Gametophyte ecology and demography of epiphytic and terrestrial tropical ferns","volume":"94","author":"Watkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.02194.x","article-title":"Ecological and evolutionary consequences of desiccation tolerance in tropical fern gametophytes","volume":"176","author":"Watkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pittermann, J., Brodersen, C., and Watkins, J.E. (2013). The physiological resilience of fern sporophytes and gametophytes: Advances in water relations offer new insights into an old lineage. Front. Plant Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00285"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murthy, H.N. (2022). Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Asplenium ceterach. Bioactive Compounds in Bryophytes and Pteridophytes, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-97415-2"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2020.03.034","article-title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of two Asplenium species","volume":"132","author":"Ivanov","year":"2020","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2021.03.011","article-title":"Extraction of phenolic compounds: A review","volume":"4","author":"Alara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7313","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15107313","article-title":"Plant Phenolics: Extraction, Analysis and Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties","volume":"15","author":"Dai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2025.11.005","article-title":"A deep dive into herbal extraction: Techniques, trends, and technological advancements","volume":"188","author":"Ahmed","year":"2026","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Milutinovi\u0107, M. (2022). Bioactivity of different Asplenium ceterach L. extracts. Book of Abstracts: 4th International Conference on Plant Biology and 23rd SPPS Meeting, Belgrade, Serbia, 6\u20138 October 2022, Serbian Plant Physiology Society."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2008-7-801","article-title":"Chemical and pharmacological investigations of Metaxya rostrata","volume":"63","author":"Virtbauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. C"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s43450-021-00137-6","article-title":"A Comprehensive LC-DAD-QTOF-MS Method for Dereplication of Bioactive Compounds in Senna Extracts","volume":"31","author":"Franca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-022-01146-6","article-title":"The flying spider-monkey tree fern genome provides insights into fern evolution and arborescence","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1655302","article-title":"Isolation and structural determination of flavan-3-ol derivatives from the Polypodium vulgare L. rhizomes water extract","volume":"35","author":"Dudek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos, M.F., Mendon\u00e7a, S.C., Pe\u00f1aloza, E.M.C., de Oliveira, B.A.C., Rosa, A.S., Leit\u00e3o, G.G., Tucci, A.R., Ferreira, V.N.S., Oliveira, T.K.F., and Miranda, M.D. (2023). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Ampelozizyphus amazonicus (Saracura-Mir\u00e1): Focus on the Modulation of the Spike-ACE2 Interaction by Chemically Characterized Bark Extracts by LC-DAD-APCI-MS\/MS. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28073159"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuwamanya, H., Lukubye, B., Kagoro-Rugunda, G., Ajayi, C.O., Wangalwa, R., and Olet, E.A. (2025). Phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of individual frond extracts of Menisorus pauciflorus, Pteris catoptera, Coniogramme africana and Antrophyum mannianum. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-05003-9"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2007.04.003","article-title":"A new phenolic glycoside from the roots of Lygodium japonicum","volume":"78","author":"Ye","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2011.599805","article-title":"Chemical constituents of Asplenium ruta-muraria L.","volume":"26","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-016-1735-z","article-title":"Coumaric Acid Glucosides from the Chinese Fern Polypodium hastatum","volume":"52","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2006.28.3.985227","article-title":"Phenolic components and antioxidant activity of Fernblock, an aqueous extract of the aerial parts of the fern Polypodium leucotomos","volume":"28","author":"Garcia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.61.1397","article-title":"4-O-Caffeoylshikimic and 4-O-(p-Coumaroyl)shikimic Acids from the Dwarf Tree Fern, Dicksonia antarctica","volume":"61","author":"Saito","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156708","article-title":"Changes in the concentration, distribution, and speciation of arsenic in the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata at different growth stages","volume":"841","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1021\/np050060o","article-title":"Constituents of Vittaria anguste-elongata and their biological activities","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.06.040","article-title":"Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from flowers of Andryala glandulosa ssp varia (Lowe ex DC.) R. Fern., an endemic species of Macaronesia region","volume":"42","author":"Gouveia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.40.2035","article-title":"Constituents of a fern, Davallia mariesii Moore. IV. Isolation and structures of a novel norcarotane sesquiterpene glycoside, a chromone glucuronide, and two epicatechin glycosides","volume":"40","author":"Cui","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"667","article-title":"A new kaempferide 3,7-diglycoside from the fern Asplenium bulbiferum","volume":"18","author":"Imperato","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chem. Ind."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"878","article-title":"A new flavonol 3,7-diglycoside from the fern Cheilanthes fragrans","volume":"24","author":"Imperato","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chem. Ind."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"849","article-title":"Phytochemical Investigation of the Fern Asplenium ceterach (Aspleniaceae)","volume":"13","author":"Tomou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, M.A.A., Gowtham, J., Janakiraman, N., Renisheya Joy Jeba Malar, T., Rocha, J.E., and Coutinho, H.D.M. (2020). Phytochemical Profile of Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm. f.) Becherer Using HPTLC. Separations, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/separations7010008"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(99)00103-9","article-title":"Flavonol glycosides from Asplenium foreziense and its five related taxa and A. incisum","volume":"28","author":"Iwashina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"487","article-title":"A new flavonol glycoside from the fern Asplenium nidus","volume":"14","author":"Imperato","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chem. Ind."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1990-3-401","article-title":"Kaempferol Glycosides in Asplenium scolopendvium Newm","volume":"45","author":"Mizuno","year":"1990","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. C"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2001-3-402","article-title":"A novel acetylated 3-deoxyanthocyanidin laminaribioside from the fern Blechnum novae-zelandiae","volume":"56","author":"Swinny","year":"2001","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. C"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"139","article-title":"Flavonol O-glycosides from the Pinnae of Asplenium Marinum L.","volume":"14","author":"Umikalsom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petkov, V., Batsalova, T., Stoyanov, P., Mladenova, T., Kolchakova, D., Argirova, M., Raycheva, T., and Dzhambazov, B. (2021). Selective Anticancer Properties, Proapoptotic and Antibacterial Potential of Three Asplenium Species. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10061053"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2014.02.008","article-title":"Characterization of the mucilage isolated from the edible fronds of bird\u2019s nest fern (Asplenium australasicum)","volume":"40","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1021\/np100373f","article-title":"Bioactive compounds from the fern Lepisorus contortus","volume":"74","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-011-0794-9","article-title":"The effect of exogenous and endogenous phytohormones on the in vitro development of gametophyte and sporophyte in Asplenium nidus L.","volume":"33","author":"Abul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2007.01040.x","article-title":"Characterization of polyphenol oxidase changes induced by desiccation of Ramonda serbica leaves","volume":"132","author":"Kukavica","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2020.112323","article-title":"The phenolic profile extracted from the desiccation-tolerant medicinal shrub Myrothamnus flabellifolia using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents varies according to the solvation conditions","volume":"173","author":"Bentley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-021-00998-0","article-title":"The role of antioxidant defense in freezing tolerance of resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis","volume":"27","author":"Georgieva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12212","article-title":"Metabolic profiling of the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis during desiccation and recovery","volume":"152","author":"Moyankova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quinty, V., Colas, C., Nasreddine, R., Nehm\u00e9, R., Piot, C., Draye, M., Destandau, E., Da Silva, D., and Chatel, G. (2023). Screening and Evaluation of Dermo-Cosmetic Activities of the Invasive Plant Species Polygonum cuspidatum. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12010083"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS1004071Z","article-title":"Dehydration-related changes of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in fronds of the resurrection fern Asplenium ceterach L.","volume":"62","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"15","article-title":"Phytochemical characterization and antioxidant potential of rustyback fern (Asplenium ceterach L.)","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lek. Sirovine"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Bellis, R., Piacentini, M.P., Meli, M.A., Mattioli, M., Menotta, M., Mari, M., Valentini, L., Palomba, L., Desideri, D., and Chiarantini, L. (2019). In vitro effects on calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics and crystal morphology of an aqueous extract from Ceterach officinarum: Analysis of a potential antilithiatic mechanism. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218734"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-4150.2020.00080.2","article-title":"Phenolic profile, anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties of Asplenium ceterach tested on albino mice and Wistar albino rats","volume":"13","author":"Sidhoum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Res. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agatonovic-Kustrin, S., Kustrin, E., Gegechkori, V., and Morton, D.W. (2019). High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Hyphenated with Microchemical and Biochemical Derivatizations in Bioactivity Profiling of Marine Species. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17030148"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner, H., and Bladt, S. (1996). Plant Drug Analysis: A Thin Layer Chromatography Atlas, Springer. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00574-9"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.128119","article-title":"Fruit, vegetables, and mushrooms for the preparation of extracts with \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibition properties: A review","volume":"338","author":"Papoutsis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2023.101940","article-title":"\u03b1-glucosidase and \u03b1-amylase inhibitory activity of flavonols from Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd","volume":"32","author":"Hendra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131278","article-title":"Caffeoyl substitution decreased the binding and inhibitory activity of quinic acid against \u03b1-amylase: The reason why chlorogenic acid is a relatively weak enzyme inhibitor","volume":"371","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9218","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9017383","article-title":"Kinetic analysis and mechanism on the inhibition of chlorogenic acid and its components against porcine pancreas \u03b1-amylase isozymes I and II","volume":"57","author":"Narita","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.05.080","article-title":"Antioxidative mechanisms in chlorogenic acid","volume":"237","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farr\u00e0s, A., C\u00e1sedas, G., Les, F., Terrado, E.M., Mitjans, M., and L\u00f3pez, V. (2019). Evaluation of antityrosinase and antioxidant properties of four fern species for potential cosmetic applications. Forests, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/f10020179"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2016.11.006","article-title":"Potent anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of isolated flavonoids from Asplenium nidus","volume":"30","author":"Jarial","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"92","article-title":"Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and antiradical activity of Asplenium africanum (Aspleniaceae) and fruit of Megaphrinium macrostachyum (Marantaceae)","volume":"3","author":"Ondo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14062167","article-title":"Effect of extraction solvent\/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts","volume":"14","author":"Sultana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2003.12.002","article-title":"Antimutagenic, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extracts from white, yellow and red onions","volume":"42","author":"Shon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bo\u017eunovi\u0107, J., Ivanov, M., Petrovi\u0107, J., Ga\u0161i\u0107, U., Nakarada, \u0110., Milutinovi\u0107, M., Ani\u010di\u0107, N., Giba, Z., Mi\u0161i\u0107, D., and Stojkovi\u0107, D. (2023). Solvent System-Guided Extraction of Centaurium spicatum (L.) Fritch Provides Optimized Conditions for the Biological and Chemical Characteristics of the Herbal Extracts. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020245"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thouri, A., Chahdoura, H., El Arem, A., Hichri, A.O., Ben Hassin, R., and Achour, L. (2017). Effect of solvents extraction on phytochemical components and biological activities of Tunisian date seeds (var. Korkobbi and Arechti). BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1751-y"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"47","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and content of selected micronutrients in the fronds of Asplenium ceterach","volume":"7","author":"Kukavica","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Balc."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"85","article-title":"Phenolic Profile and Antimicrobe of the Asplenium nidus L. from Mount Gumitir, Jember, East Java, Indonesia","volume":"21","author":"Setyati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioedukasi J. Biol. Pembelajaran"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon, S.H., Son, J.L., Shin, S.J., Oh, S.H., Kim, S.H., and Bae, J.M. (2021). Inhibitory Effect of Asplenium incisum on Bacterial Growth, Inflammation, and Osteoclastogenesis. Medicina, 57.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57070641"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"119","article-title":"Antifungal and cytotoxic activities of selected medicinal plants from Malaysia","volume":"31","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.30848\/PJB2024-5(32)","article-title":"Evaluation and identification of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and phytotoxic activities of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook., a potential medicinal Pteridophyte","volume":"56","author":"Zaib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1250027","article-title":"Potential of Cameroonian plants and derived products against microbial infections: A review","volume":"76","author":"Kuete","year":"2010","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7948","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92435-5","article-title":"Antibiofilm activity of Plumbagin against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"15","author":"Bie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.07.007","article-title":"Anti-biofilm activity of plant derived extracts against infectious pathogen-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1","volume":"13","author":"Alam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adnan, M., Patel, M., Deshpande, S., Alreshidi, M., Siddiqui, A.J., Reddy, M.N., Emira, N., and De Feo, V. (2020). Effect of Adiantum philippense Extract on Biofilm Formation, Adhesion with Its Antibacterial Activities Against Foodborne Pathogens, and Characterization of Bioactive Metabolites: An in vitro\u2013in silico Approach. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00823"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/2750","article-title":"Assessment of Anti-biofilm Activity of Ferns Against Nosocomial Pathogenic Bacteria","volume":"16","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacol. J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balada, C., D\u00edaz, V., Castro, M., Echeverr\u00eda-Bugue\u00f1o, M., Marchant, M.J., and Guzm\u00e1n, L. (2025). Protective Effects of Microsorum scolopendria (Burm.f.) Copel. Leaf and Rhizome Extracts on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14101194"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farr\u00e0s, A., Mitjans, M., Maggi, F., Caprioli, G., Vinardell, M.P., and L\u00f3pez, V. (2022). Exploring wild Aspleniaceae ferns as safety sources of polyphenols: The case of Asplenium trichomanes L. and Ceterach officinarum Willd. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.994215"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farr\u00e0s, A., L\u00f3pez, V., Maggi, F., Caprioli, G., Vinardell, M.P., and Mitjans, M. (2022). Chemical Composition and Cytoprotective Activities of Methanolic Extract of Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. (Aspleniaceae). Horticulturae, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8090815"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.18782\/2582-2845.8036","article-title":"Nutraceutical Composition and Anti-Cancerous Potential of an Unexplored Herb Asplenium ceterach from Kashmir Region","volume":"8","author":"Fatima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Pure App. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.01.035","article-title":"Chemical characterization and in vitro anticancer effect of Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm. f.) Becherer","volume":"154","author":"Antonysamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NP00011A","article-title":"Synergy and antagonism in natural product extracts: When 1 + 1 does not equal 2","volume":"36","author":"Caesar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., Tsakris, Z., Rozos, G., Tsigalou, C., and Bezirtzoglou, E. (2022). Interactions between Medical Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds: Focus on Antimicrobial Combination Effects. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081014"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armonavi\u010dius, D., Maru\u0161ka, A., Jak\u0161tys, B., Stankevi\u010dius, M., Drevinskas, T., Bimbirait\u0117-Survilien\u0117, K., \u010caplikait\u0117, M., Ihara, H., Takafuji, M., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2025). Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of Medicinal Plants Predominantly Accumulating Ellagic Acid Compounds. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14111339"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milutinovi\u0107, M., Nakarada, \u0110., Bo\u017eunovi\u0107, J., Todorovi\u0107, M., Ga\u0161i\u0107, U., \u017divkovi\u0107, S., Skori\u0107, M., Ivkovi\u0107, \u0110., Savi\u0107, J., and Devrnja, N. (2023). Solanum dulcamara L. Berries: A Convenient Model System to Study Redox Processes in Relation to Fruit Ripening. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020346"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112747","article-title":"UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS analysis and biological properties of Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum obtained by different extraction methods","volume":"154","author":"Zengin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"(2026, May 15). The CAS SciFinder Chemical Compound Database. Available online: https:\/\/scifinder-n.cas.org\/."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1021\/es5002105","article-title":"Identifying Small Molecules via High Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Communicating Confidence","volume":"48","author":"Schymanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalska, T., and Sajewicz, M. (2022). Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) in the Screening of Botanicals\u2014Its Versatile Potential and Selected Applications. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202207.0355.v1"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2024.465640","article-title":"Innovative analytical methodology for skin anti-aging compounds discovery from plant extracts: Integration of High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-in vitro spectrophotometry bioassays with multivariate modeling and molecular docking","volume":"1742","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2017.11.024","article-title":"High-performance thin-layer chromatography-direct bioautography as a method of choice for alpha-amylase and antioxidant activity evaluation in marine algae","volume":"1530","author":"Morton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2019.1625378","article-title":"Liposomal integration method for assessing antioxidative activity of water insoluble compounds towards biologically relevant free radicals: Example of avarol","volume":"30","author":"Nakarada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Liposome Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marinkovi\u0107, A., Nakarada, \u0110., Marinkovi\u0107, M., Waisi, H., \u017divani\u0107, V., Vazquez, A., and Mojovi\u0107, M. (2025). From Analytical Profiling to Liposomal Delivery: Cannabinol as a Model for Antioxidant Encapsulation and Diffusion Enhancement. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30163433"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"137","article-title":"MTT Assays","volume":"Volume 43","author":"Atterwill","year":"1995","journal-title":"In Vitro Toxicity Testing Protocols"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/17\/2978\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:55:18Z","timestamp":1787673318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/17\/2978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31172978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31172978","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]}}}