{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:22:36Z","timestamp":1787750556579,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP26103521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP26103521"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Ferula varia Trautv. is a promising medicinal plant of the Apiaceae family and a potential source of biologically active secondary metabolites. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of F. varia root extract. Methods: The non-volatile compounds were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC\u2013QTOF\u2013ESI-MS\/MS) method. Furthermore, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential of the extract were evaluated using spectrophotometric and microdilution assays. Results: HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS analysis enabled the tentative identification of 25 metabolites in the F. varia root extract, predominantly sesquiterpene coumarins together with organic acids, phenolic acids, coumarins, sesquiterpene esters, and prenylated aromatic compounds. The extract contained 30.06 \u00b1 3.00 mg GAE\/gextr of total phenolics and 1.42 \u00b1 0.04 mg RuE\/gextr of total flavonoids. Antioxidant assays revealed Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values of 0.10 \u00b1 0.00 mM, 110.31 \u00b1 4.94 mg AsAE\/gextr, and 21.95 \u00b1 0.00 mg TE\/gextr, respectively, while the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed weak radical scavenging activity (IC50 &gt; 1 mg\/mL). The extract also demonstrated stronger antimicrobial activity against yeasts than against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 2.5 to 5 mg\/mL and 10\u201320 mg\/mL, respectively. Conclusions: These findings indicate that F. varia roots are a promising source of bioactive compounds exhibiting antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31172990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:59:57Z","timestamp":1787749197000},"page":"2990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ferula varia Trautv. Root Extract: Extraction, Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Marlen K.","family":"Smagulov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Park of Biotechnology and Eco-Monitoring, Karaganda Buketov University, Universitetskaya Street, 28, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yana K.","family":"Levaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100017, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2736-8633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karakoz Zh.","family":"Badekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100017, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assel","family":"Sabiyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100017, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulnissa K.","family":"Kurmantayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100017, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1735-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita Yu.","family":"Ishmuratova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Park of Biotechnology and Eco-Monitoring, Karaganda Buketov University, Universitetskaya Street, 28, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8908-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fclmira","family":"\u00d6zek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4251-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Temel","family":"\u00d6zek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Korona-Glowniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7076-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wirginia","family":"Kukula-Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1615-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayane A.","family":"Atazhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100017, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2026, July 24). 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